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APUSH TEST 4

Terms in this set (30)

Wilmot Proviso
The amendment offered by Pennsylvania Democrat David Wilmot in 1846 that states that none of the land acquired from Mexico would have slavery (it would be banned). This caused the first breakdown of the national party system and reopened the debate about slavery in the future of the nation. It failed due to its controversy, but the expansion of slavery could no longer be avoided. Led to even deeper sectional conflict.
Compromise of 1820
(Missouri Compromise) admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. It also banned slavery in the northern Louisiana territory. It was meant to create balance between slave and non-slave states. This led to the Civil War.
Compromise of 1850
Included Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster. Was the 4-step compromise which admitted California as a free state, allowed residents of New Mexico and Utah to decide the slavery issue for themselves, ended the slave trade in DC, and passed the Fugitive Slave law (escaped slaves to be returned to their owners).
Tariff of Abominations
The 1828 tariff, Jackson's supporters in Congress passed it in order to increase northern support for him in the Presidential campaign. It imposed high tariffs on imported textiles and iron. This angered the south; they claimed it was unconstitutional and nicknamed it the "Tariff of Abominations". South Carolina hated it the most and caused a nullification crisis (they wanted to nullify it & threatened to secede), Jackson then passed the Force Bill to stop S.C. from seceding. Henry Clay then crafted the Tariff Act of 1833 (Compromise of 1830) and compromised with South Carolina.
American Colonization Society
Founded in 1817 by anti-slavery reformers (mostly Quakers) that tried to send free black people "back" to Africa (Liberia) instead of letting them live free in America. It was remarkably ineffective.
Dred Scott decision
Dred Scott v. Sandford decide on March 6, 1857. Dred Scott, a slave his entire life, married another slave Harriet, and their daughter Eliza was born in free territory (Wisconsin). They went back to Missouri (slave state), and he sued that he and his wife and daughter were free, since they were born in free territory. The Supreme Court (Chief Justice Roger B. Taney) then ruled that black people, free or slaves, were not citizens, so they dismissed his case. Also ruled that Congress had no jurisdiction over slavery in the territories. Doing this, Taney inflamed the slavery conflict even more.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, combined the literary style of women's domestic novels and vivid details of slavery, had a story of christ-like slave Uncle Tom, was a best seller
Trent Affair
1861, a Union warship stopped a British mail steamer, the Trent, and removed two Confederate diplomats that were going to Europe, Union returned the diplomats when the British came back mad that there sailors where being impressed
Republican Party
a party that emerged in the 1850s, aftermath of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, consisted of former Whigs, northern democrats, and many Know-Nothings, nominated Abraham Lincoln in 1860
Sumner-Brooks Affair
1856 Senator Charles Sumner made an abolitionist speech insulting South Carolina Senator Andrew Butler, Butler's nephew who was also a senator beat Sumner into a coma with his cane, helped escalate problems between the north and the south
Battle of Shiloh
April 1862, Civil War battle on the Tennessee-Mississippi border, resulted in the deaths of more than 23,000 soldiers, Union barely won, Confederacy could have won but both sides had extreme loss, showed the leaders that the war would not end quickly
Kansas-Nebraska Act
(1854) introduced by Stephen Douglas. He wanted a railroad in Chicago, so he needed land west. To get southerns vote be proposed pop. sov. South liked it because of the chance for slavery and north licked it because o the railroad. The North liked the railroad. Then he proposed to open the lands that had been apart of the northern part of the Indian Territory open to American settlers (pop. sov. for slavery) It created the Kansa and Nebraska territories and repealed the Missouri Compromise.
nullification
a constitutional doctrine holding that a state has a legal right to declare a national law void and null within its borders.
Harpers Ferry Raid
(1859) Oct. 16 1859 John Brown led a group of 22 men against the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virgina. He believed if someone started a spark for the slaves to rebel then they would rebell across the south. He went in with no plan of escape and was captured in less than a day (he also failed to notify the slaves of the rebellion so they didnt help) He was killed on Dec. 2 1859 and many northerns morned his loss. The raid worried the south because of the fear of a slave rebellion and how many people sympathized over Brown's death.
Fort Sumter
(1861) Both Lincool and Davis claimed the fort, it was a major federal military installation and located at the entrance to the Charleston Harbor. April 6th Lincoln sent troops unarmed to resupply the fort, and Davi's men fired upon them. 2 days later the fort had been taken over by the confederacy. It is the opening moment for the civil war.
Freeport Doctrine
(1858) stated by Stephen Douglass in the Lincoln-Douglass debates, it said that exclusion of slavery in territory (where it was legal) could be determined by the refusal of the votes to enact any laws that would protect slave property. This eventually led to his loss in the 1860 election. (i might need to change it, like wrong defition)
Liberty Party
was the first antislavery political party, formed in 1840, favored denying office to all slaveholders and forbidding the use of slave labor on federal construction projects, Free Soil Party was created out of it
free soil partyterm-6
Born from the Liberty Party, many northerners realized the South would leave the Union before accepting the Liberty Party doctrine. SO the free soil party was born, it shifted from questioning the mortality of slavery to the ways slavery could pose as a threat to the northern expansion. It established a direct link between expansion and sectional politics. They said that it supported the Union, but it was not fare to northerners who moved west with southerners who has slaves bc they would have more help for free. They wanted to ban African Americans from (Indiana Illinois, Iowa, and Ohio) but Lloyd Garrison denounced the doctrine.
Scalawags
Southern whites, mainly small landowning farmers and well-off merchants and planters, who supported the southern Republican Party during Reconstruction. This was often done for profit, and by people who opposed the Reconstruction Legislation.
KKK
Perhaps the most prominent of the vigilante groups that terrorized black people in the South during the Reconstruction Era, founded by the Confederate veterans in 1866.
Compromise of 1877
The congressional settling of the 1876 election that installed Republican Rutherford B. Hayes in the White House and gave Democrats control of all state governments in the South.
Military Reconstruction
1867; divided the South into five districts and placed them under military rule; required Southern States to ratify the 14th amendment; guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in convention to write new state constitutions. It initiated military rule of the South to protect black rights and oversee political reunification. The goal of Reconstruction was to restore the union and compromise with the Southern states that ceded before and during the war.
Radical Rebublicans
A shifting group of Republican congressmen, usually a substantial minority, who favored the abolition of slavery from the beginning of the Civil War and later advocated harsh treatment of the defeated South
Copperheads
A group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War. A term Republicans applied war dissenters and those suspected of aiding the Confederate cause during the Civil War.
Battle of Vicksburg
July 4th, 1863, Union gains control of Mississippi, confederacy split in two, Grant takes lead of Union armies
Battle of Gettysburg
1863, three day battle in Pennsylvania. it was the bloodiest of the entire Civil War, ended in a Union victory, and is considered the turning point of the war
Appomattox Courthouse
April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered to General Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse. Sherman marched north, Lee headed southwest and hopes to go to New York. Results: War is over after 4 years, union preserved, and the slaves were free, grant allowed the confederates to keep their arms and return home
Anaconda Plan
was a strategy for the union army by General Winfield Scott. This plan involved "choking" off the main resources of the confederate army. Anaconda Plan had 3 main goals. Gain control of the Mississippi River which would cut the confederacy into two parts, blockade southern ports, and capture confederate capitol of Richmond
Perpetual Union
important part of the articles of confederation, it secured states rights and the federal government should be monitored by the states. States are not permitted to withdraw from he union.
Carpetbaggers
consisted of white northerners. They were called carpetbaggers by Native White southerners. Most combined a desire for personal gain with commitment to reform the "unprogressive"south by developing resources and introducing yankee institutions . Most were veterans of the union army who stayed in South after the war. Well educated middle class.
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