HSC 180 Exam 1 Study Guide

Herd Immunity
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Terms in this set (74)
Herd Immunity
The resistance of a population to the spread of an infectious agent based on the immunity of a high proportion of individuals.
Health Disparities
The difference in health among different populations.
World Health Organization (WHO)
The most widely recognized international governmental health organization.
Public Health
Actions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions in which people can be healthy can occur. (umbrella term)
Core Functions of Public Health
Health assessment, policy development, health assurance
School Health Advisory Council
An advisory group composed of school, health, and community representatives who act collectively to advise the school district or school on aspects of coordinated school health, also known as a school wellness council.
Community
A collective body of individuals identified by common characteristics such as geography, interests, experiences, concerns, or values.
Community Health
The health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve health.
(National Hospital Survey and Construction Act) Hill Burton Act of 1946
Improve the distribution of medical care and enhance the quality of hospitals
Healthy People 2010
Increase quality and years of healthy life, eliminate health disparities
Healthy People 2020(1) Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. (2) Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. (3) Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. (4) Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.Healthy People 2030(1) Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being, free of preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death. (2) Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all. (3) Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining full potential for health and well-being for all. (4) Promote healthy development, healthy behaviors and well-being across all life stages. (5) Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well-being of all.Population HealthActions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions in which people can be healthy can occur.Coordinated School Health ProgramProvides for the integration of education and health. Coordinated school health programs stands for a health program carried out in schools all over the country, that helps young and adults to become healthy, live long and be more satisfied and productive in their life. This coordinated school program is simultaneously carried out in all the schools to make children healthy and prevents them from diseases.Social FactorsArise from the interaction of individuals or groups within the community.Cultural FactorsArise from guidelines (both explicit and implicit) that individuals "inherit" from being a part of a particular society.What is the primary mission of professional health organizations?To promote high standards of professional practiceThree classifications based on funding sources, responsibilities and organizational structureGovernmental, Quasi-Governmental, Non-GovernmentalGovernmental OrganizationsManaged by government officials, Federal, State, Local. Funded primarily by government officials. Exist at four levels, International, National, State, Local.Quasi-Governmental OrganizationsOperate more like voluntary health organizations. Operate independently of government supervision. Derive some funding and work from the government. Examples: American Red Cross, National Academy of Sciences, National Science FoundationVoluntary health organization (American Red Cross)Provide relief to victims of natural disasters. Serve as liaison between members of armed forces and their families during emergenciesSecond Harvest Food BankQuasi- Government OwnedNon-Governmental OrganizationBlood drives, Safety Services, Community Volunteer Services, International ServicesWhat kind of work did Dr. Anthony Iton perform (based on his TED talk discussion) that led him to the conclusion that your zip code matters more than your genetic code?Chronic stress- social & cultural factors. Health officer- registrar of all deaths (noticed the different life expectancies).What is the main reason for/method of corporate involvement in community health?Providing health care benefits. Worksite health promotion programs aimed to safety, counseling, education courses, physical fitness centers.What was Dr. Edward Jenner's significance to public health history? John Snow?Dr. Edward Jenner- eradicate smallpox (1796) John Snow- cholera contamination of water (1854)During what period of community health history was the first Healthy People set of objectives created?1979-PresentAt what point in history were government health agencies created, and for what primary reason(s)?1902, and to protect, promote the health, well-being and safety of citizensWhen was the first professional preparation program for health educators created?1922The Shattuck report marked the beginning of which period of public health history?Modern Era of Public HealthThe reform phase of public health was characterized by?Social movements to improve health conditions in cities and in the workplace.The social engineering period?1960-1973. Medicare assists in the payment of medical bills for older adults and certain people with disabilities. Medicaid assists payment of medical bills for the poor.How have religious groups contributed to community health?(1) history of volunteerism and preexisting reinforcement contingencies for volunteerism (2) can influence entire families (3) accessible meeting-room facilities (4) contribute through donations for the less fortunateMost voluntary health agencies exist at which level: local, state, national?LocalNongovernmental health agencies are funded primarily by what sources?Private donations or membership duesWhat are the basic objectives of voluntary health agencies?(1) Raise money to find programs and or research (2) Provide education to professionals and the public (3) Provide Services to those afflicted (4) Advocacy (fund raising is a primary activity)What makes philanthropic foundations unique from other voluntary health agencies?(1) have money to give away, therefore they don't have to fund raise (2) can afford to fund long-term or innovative research projects, which might be too risky or expensive for voluntary or even government-funded agenciesWhat are the primary topics of controversy in school health education?sexual intercourse, suicide, substance use and abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, dating violence, contraception, death and dying, and abstinenceWhat challenges face contemporary school health education?(1)Lack of support for CSHP (Coordinated School Health Program) (2) School Health curriculum challenges (3) School-based health centers (4) Violence in schoolsWhat sorts of people most often comprise School Health Advisory Councils?Individuals from a school or school district and its community Teachers, Social Worker, Nurses, Students, Parents, Health Professionals, Etc.From what sources can schools go to get content for their health curriculum?(1) School Health Education (2) National Specialist (3) Approved curriculum form state departments of education or health (4) Health Agencies and AssociationsWhat elements are a part of the "priority health content" in school health education?Alcohol and other drugs, healthy eating, mental and emotional health, personal health and wellness, physical activity, safety/unintentional injury prevention, sexual health (abstinence and risk avoidance), tobacco, violence preventionIn what areas are most school health centers operating today?School Buildings or around the communityA rebirth of thinking about the nature of the world and humankind occurred during theRenaissance and exploration eraActions that society takes collectively to ensure that the conditions in which people can be healthy can occur definespublic healthEating wisely, wearing a safety belt, and visiting a physician are examples ofpersonal health activitiesIn looking at factors affecting community health, community size is aphysical factorThe beginning of government's major involvement in social issues, including health, was marked by theSocial Security Act of 1935True or false? A community is a group of people who have common characteristics.TrueTrue or false? Choosing to eat wisely, regularly wearing a safety belt, and visiting the physician are examples of community health activities.FalseTrue or false? Physical factors affecting community health include geography, community size, and industrial development.TrueTrue or false? Politics and religion are examples of social and cultural factors affecting community health.TrueTrue or false? There has been no evidence of community health activities dating back over 1,000 years.FalseAgencies that are funded primarily through tax dollars are referred to asgovernmental agenciesThe Secretary of Health and Human Services isappointed by the PresidentThe power to arrest someone who refuses to undergo treatment for a communicable disease lies witha local health officerTrue or false? Funding that comes from the federal government to the state government is referred to as horizontal funding.FalseTrue or false? Highly organized and developed resources in our national institutions and organizations can be a hindrance for communities to respond effectively to their own problems.TrueTrue or false? Historically, communities have always taken aggressive actions to deal with health issues.FalseTrue or false? One of the World Health Organization's most noteworthy achievements was helping to eradicate smallpox.TrueTrue or false? The most widely recognized international health organization today is the United Nations.FalseWhich agency is a leading medical research center, and the federal focal point for medical research in the United States?National Institutes of Health (NIH)Which agency maintains records, analyzes disease trends, and publishes epidemiological reports on all types of diseases?Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Components of the Coordinated School Health Program include(1) physical education (2) nutrition services (3) health promotion for staffNumerous resources became available to help schools develop policies because of the requirements ofthe Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004Providing direct health care to students and staff, providing screening and referral for health conditions, and promoting health are all responsibilities of theschool nursesThe group whose primary role is to provide coordination of the various components of the Coordinated School Health Program is theschool health councilThe part of the health curriculum that outlines what will be taught is thescopeTrue or false? Coordinated School Health Programs are implemented the same way in each school district in the United States.FalseTrue or false? On an average day, teachers spend more waking hours with school-aged children than do the parents of many children.TrueTrue or false? Schools have immeasurable potential for affecting the health of children, their families, and the health of the community.TrueTrue or false? The coordination of the various components of the Coordinated School Health Program is the primary role of the school nurse.FalseTrue or false? The ideal school health council would include representation from a wide variety of school personnel, community members, and community health agencies.TrueWhen did the Modern Era of Public Health Begin?1850