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nervous system

Terms in this set (118)

to cut off, cut short

algeso, algesia

sensitivity to pain

seizure, convulsion

acute otitis media

eyes, ears, nose, throat

electronystagmography

ear, nose, throat

eustachian tube dysfunction

head, eyes, ears, nose, throat

pressure-equalizing tube

serous otitis media

clusters of neuron cell bodies in PNS

largest section of the brain

coordinates voluntary movement and balance

monitors impulses from skin

controls body temperature, release hormones, monitors sympathetic/parasympathetic

Three parts of the brain stem

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

afferent nerves

Also called sensory nerves; nerves that carry information about the external environment to the brain and spinal cord via sensory receptors.

autonomic nervous system

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.

the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands

Central Nervous System (CNS)

brain and spinal cord

A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.

cerebral cortex

The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.

cerebrospinal fluid

Fluid in the space between the meninges that acts as a shock absorber that protects the central nervous system.

the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

efferent neurons

Nerve cells that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system

cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons

A ridged or raised portion of a convoluted brain surface.

medulla oblongata

Part of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion.

three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

a nerve that conveys neural activity to muscle tissue and causes it to contract

covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response

a signal to which an organism responds

sympathetic nerves

autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress

the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

excess CSF produced in the brain

causes the brain to shrink, lead to memory loss

Alzheimer's disease

abnormal brain activity, causes seizures

nerve cells break down, reduce muscle functionality

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

swelling of the meninges

anterior chamber

between cornea and iris

consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere

Any of the conical photosensitive receptor cells of the vertebrate retina that function in color vision.

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball

The clear tissue that covers the front of the eye

a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening

the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina

the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

Any of the long rod-shaped photosensitive receptors in the retina responsive to faint light.

white of the eye

jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape

pertaining to the eye

pertaining to light

defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye

nearsightedness

clouding of the lens

increased intraocular pressure, damages retina and optic nerve

infection of the sebaceous gland in the eyelid

removal of the entire eyeball

the area that sound waves pass through to reach the eardrum

auditory nerve fibers

carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

Eustachian tube

A narrow tube between the middle ear and the throat that serves to equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum

three tiny bones in the middle ear

tympanic membrane

The eardrum. A structure that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound waves.

ear, nose, throat

loss of the ability to hear

inflammation of the middle ear

sensation of noises in the ears

surgically implanted device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech

cochlear implant

visual examination. of the ear with a small, hand held scope

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