SPA4321 Exam 1

Aural Rehabilitation (AR)
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Terms in this set (56)
Aural Rehabilitation (AR)
intervention aimed at minimizing and alleviating the communication difficulties associated with hearing loss.
aural habilitation
delivered to persons who have not yet acquired speech or language

- Same goals and desired outcomes, but mode of delivery is different
impairment
structural or functional abnormality, damage, etc. of some part of a body system
health condition
A person's health factors, whether sick or well, able or disabled, injured or not
hearing-related disability
a loss of function imposed by hearing loss. The term denotes a multidimensional phenomenon.
handicap
consists of the psychosocial disadvantages that result from a functional impairment. Use of this term is discouraged by the World Health Organization.
activities
any event or item that a person is engaged with
activity limitation
a change at the level of the person brought about by an impairment at the levels of body structure (e.g., loss of hair cells in the cochlea) and function (e.g., loss of an ability to discriminate pitch); for example, a patient may no longer be able to engage easily in casual conversation.
participation
the act of being engaged and providing input
participation restriction
an effect of an activity limitation that results in a change in the broader scope of a patient's life; for example, a patient may avoid social gatherings.
unserved populationspopulation refers to a group of patients in need of but not receiving services.underserved populationspopulation is a group of patients receiving less than ideal services.pure tone averagethe average of the thresholds at 500, 1000, and 2000 HzDegrees of Hearing Lossnormal, mild, moderate, moderately severe, severe, profoundconfiguration of hearing lossThe extent of hearing loss at each frequencysymmetrical/asymmetrical hearing losshearing loss is the same in both ears or differentBilateral hearing losshearing loss in both earsUnilateral hearing losshearing loss in one earconductive hearing lossHearing loss or impairment resulting from interference with the transmission of sound waves to the cochleasensorineural hearing losshearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafnessprelingual hearing lossa type of acquired hearing loss that occurs after birth but before a child has developed languageperilingual hearing losshearing loss during language acquisitionpostlingual hearing lossacquired sometime after a child has developed languageprogressive hearing losshearing loss that increases over timesudden hearing lossSudden deafness Unexplained, rapid loss of hearing Usually affects just one ear Medical emergencyGoals of ARAlleviate the difficulties related to hearing loss Minimize its consequencesIntended Outcomes of AR- Enhanced conversational fluency - Reduced hearing-related disability - Decrease in perceived activity limitations and participation restrictionsbiopsychosocial approachan integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysisbarriers to AR services- Many individuals who have hearing loss area unserved or underserved, in part because of: - A dearth outreach and immediate or extended support services - The attitudes of service delivery personnel - The lack of reimbursement policies for aural rehabilitation - Communication or environmental barriers - Unserved due to policy, practice, or environmental factors - Underserved because inadequately served overallGoals/outcomes to AR services- Participation in real-life, everyday activities that judged important (relevant) by the persons who participate in the intervention program - It provides specific guidelines that can be used to evaluate outcome of intervention - It recognizes that there is a very personal (subjective) dimension to what constitutes activity limitations/participation restrictions - or living well- (this can be accessed by the client1s narrative) - Living well may be defined differently by people with similar hearing lossPopulations served in AR- Infants/toddlers - Children - Adults - Older adults - Family and frequent communication partnersdisability- Health condition - Social factors - Environmental factors - Personal factorsHealth ConditionA disorder or diseaseevidence-based practiceclinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferencesStages of Change Modelprecontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenancePrecontemplation stageDoes not recognize that there is a problemcontemplation stagestage of change in which people are considering changing behavior soonpreparation stageSeeks information to support the decision, looks for supportaction stageBegins to modify behaviors to address the problems she/he is experiencingmaintenance stagesustained change over time; action has started and continues indefinitelypermanent exit stageFeels comfortable with the hearing aids and knows how to handle the hearing problem, the goal of any AR programRelapseDoes not want to wear the hearing aids and struggles, gives upperson centered carea type of care that places the emphasis on the person needing care and his or her wants, needs, preferences, and valuesBiomedical model of careFocuses on physical needs and the clinical treatment of symptoms and signs of disease by medical professionals, who are viewed as the experts.biopsychosocial model of carea model of care in which the social, emotional, and psychological aspects of the patient are taken into account, as well as the patients physical status, in understanding his or her health or illness.6 elements of PCC- Empathy - Active listening - Open-ended questions and reflective conversations - Involving family and friends - Shared decision making - Understanding needs and preferenceshealthy literacyA person's capacity to learn about and understand basic health information and services and use these resources to promote his or her health and wellness.literacythe ability to read and writecultural knowledgeInformation, skills, attitudes, conceptions, beliefs, values, and other mental components of culture that people socially learn during enculturation.conceptual knowledgeknowledge that enables people to recognize objects and events and to make inferences about their propertieshealth knowledgeThe information and understanding a person has about healthhealth statusAn individual's or a population's overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.cultural competencethe ability to interact effectively with people of different culturesPrint literacyThe ability to comprehend and create a variety of written texts, encompassing knowledge of grammar, vocabulary and discourse features alongside reading and writing skills.Oral literacyAbility to speak and listen effectivelyNumeracythe ability to understand and work with numbers