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HDFS 2300 EXAM 1 PART 1 PRACTICE

Terms in this set (31)

a set of logical, systematic methods for investing nature and natural processes

-very general thing we are interested in

a. social science
b. descriptive research
c. causality
d. science
d.
why privilege science?

a. reliance on objectivity allows others to inspect and evaluate methods
b. science is key into the social world
c. privileging science is not good to socioeconomic status
d. seeks to find out how people get along in certain settings, the meanings they give to actions, and what issues are important
a.
use of scientific methods to investigate individuals, groups, and social processes

-usually studies people and the ways people interact with environments and each other

--psychology, sociology, political science, aspects of anthropology, etc.

a. generalizability
b. validity
c. social science
d. science
c.
true or false:

-When doing social science research, the "research methods" will vary drastically by discipline

a. true
b. false
a.
In many ways, social science research can be MORE challenging. All of these are correct EXCEPT?

a. if a research finding doesn't apply to me then it must be wrong
b. in social science, things change with time as people change as well as historical time
c. social science research is probably interdisciplinary where you bring in different types of people
d. there can be more biased opinions with social science which makes it more tedious for researchers to make their research as least bias as they can
a.
Research with children and families presents a number of particularly unique challenges. All of these are correct EXCEPT?

a. development requires studying continuity/change over time
b. families are necessarily composed of numerous [often multi-faceted] relationships
c. research that examines the impact of social policies and programs
d. collecting data from children can be difficult
c.
the ways that we acquire beliefs about the world are...

a. introspection (emotional and mental processes)
b. personal
c. experience
d. religion
e. science
f. all of the above
f.
evidence based on personal experience rather than research

---ex: most of the class who said they were spanked said that they would probably spank their own kids based on their own personal experience.

a. social science
b. descriptive research
c. causality
d. anecdotal evidence
d.
What are the 2 false beliefs about research?

a. because something is true for me, it must be true for everyone
b. evidence is based on personal experience rather than research
c. if a research finding doesn't apply to me then it must be wrong
d. all of the above
e. both a and c
f. both b and c
e.
descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, and evaluation are types of ________.

a. data
b. "everyday errors" in logic
c. research
d. independence
c.
research that defines and describes social phenomena

-GOAL: simply to describe what is happening

---ex: 58% of children in this community play video games

-we aren't testing whether something is significant

a. exploratory research
b. explanatory research
c. descriptive research
d. evaluation research
c.
seeks to find out how people get along in certain settings, the meanings they give to actions, and what issues are important

-starting from the ground up in a new area
-often doesn't yet have explicit predictions/hypotheses

---ex: how are parents handling the introduction of a new technological tool that is widely used by their children?

a. exploratory research
b. explanatory research
c. descriptive research
d. evaluation research
a.
examines relationships between things, and seeks to identify causes and effects

---ex: which parenting behavior is responsible for a particular type of child outcome?

a. exploratory research
b. explanatory research
c. descriptive research
d. evaluation research
b.
research that examines the impact of social policies and programs

---ex: How effective is Head Start in helping children's cognitive development?

-using some pre-existing program and asking if they work

a. exploratory research
b. explanatory research
c. descriptive research
d. evaluation research
d.
the extent to which a study informs us about those who were not directly studied

---if we have a research finding, for whom are these results true?

a. validity
b. generalizability
c. causality
d. logical errors
b.
the underlying explanatory processes responsible for a cause and effect relationship

---is X responsible for causing Y?
---when parents do X, children turn out as Y?

a. validity
b. generalizability
c. causality
d. logical errors
c.
the degree to which results/conclusions/measures are actually accurate and correct

---Are we measuring what we're trying to measure?
---Do our results tell us what we think they tell us?

a. validity
b. generalizability
c. causality
d. logical errors
a.
why do we conduct research?

a. research in this field is studying interesting questions
b. personal reasons
c. understanding the social world-basic research
d. changing the social world-applied research
e. all of the above
e.
-overgeneralization
-selective or inaccurate observation
-illogical reasoning (using explicit criteria for establishing cause and effect)
-resistance to change (collect more evidence to prove/disprove hypothesis)

These are types of ________.


a. data
b. "everyday errors" in logic
c. research
d. independence
b.
an everyday error in logic
-mistakenly conclude that what is true for some is true for all -leads to over-reliance on anecdotal rather than scientific or empirical evidence

a. illogical reasoning
b. resistance to change
c. selective or inaccurate observation
d. overgeneralization
d.
an everyday error in logic
-choosing to look only at things that are consistent with our preferences or beliefs
-confirmation bias

a. illogical reasoning
b. resistance to change
c. selective or inaccurate observation
d. overgeneralization
c.
an everyday error in logic
-prematurely jump to conclusions
-argument on the basis of invalid assumptions
--fundamental attribution error

a. illogical reasoning
b. resistance to change
c. selective or inaccurate observation
d. overgeneralization
a.
part of illogical reasoning
-tendency to over-attribute people's behavior to dispositional [personal] causes, while downplaying situational causes

a. fundamental attribution error
b. validity
c. logical errors
d. romantic play
a.
an everyday error in logic
-reluctance to change ideas in light of new information
-accepting the opinions of authority figures without question[we tend to trust what others say to us]

a. illogical reasoning
b. resistance to change
c. selective or inaccurate observation
d. overgeneralization
b.
________ can keep us from accurately interpreting the behavior/thoughts/emotions of others

a. fundamental attribution error
b. validity
c. logical errors
d. romantic play
c.
problem: overgeneralization
solution:

a. using systematic methods to measure what we want to study
b. collect more and more evidence to prove/disprove hypotheses
c. using explicit criteria for establishing cause and effect
d. choosing representative individuals/groups to study
d.
problem: illogical reasoning
solution:

a. using systematic methods to measure what we want to study
b. collect more and more evidence to prove/disprove hypotheses
c. using explicit criteria for establishing cause and effect
d. choosing representative individuals/groups to study
c.
problem: resistance to change
solution:

a. using systematic methods to measure what we want to study
b. collect more and more evidence to prove/disprove hypotheses
c. using explicit criteria for establishing cause and effect
d. choosing representative individuals/groups to study
b.
problem: selective/inaccurate observation
solution:

a. using systematic methods to measure what we want to study
b. collect more and more evidence to prove/disprove hypotheses
c. using explicit criteria for establishing cause and effect
d. choosing representative individuals/groups to study
a.
should we always trust science?

a. sometimes
b. yes, always
c. not necessarily, but we should be aware of our own biases and how they affect us
d. never
c.
tendency to over attribute people's behavior to dispositional causes (personal causes, down playing he situation)

ex. when someone cuts you off

a. fundamental attribution error
b. "everyday errors" in logic
c. research
d. independence
a.
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