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History Review

Terms in this set (83)

Theodore Roosevelt
Better known as TR was an American politician, author, naturalist, soldier, explorer, and historian who served as the 26th President of the United States
Imperialism
a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Open Door Policy
term in foreign affairs initially used to refer to the United States
Yellow Journalism
journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration.
The Philippine Island
Republic in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, comprising over seven thousand islands. Its capital and largest city is Manila. Note: The Spanish held control of the islands until 1898, when they were transferred to the United States after the Spanish-American War.
Sphere of influence
a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.
Jingoism
extreme patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy.
Roosevelt Corollary
an addition to the Monroe Doctrine articulated by President Theodore Roosevelt
"Rough Riders" and San Juan Hill
a diverse group of volunteer cavalry soldiers who served during the Spanish-American War in 1898. The men were led by the tireless Teddy Roosevelt
William Howard Taft
William Howard Taft was the 27th President of the United States and later the tenth Chief Justice of the United States. He is the only person to have served in both of these offices.
William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst was an American newspaper publisher who built the nation's largest newspaper chain and whose methods profoundly influenced American journalism
William Mckinley
William McKinley was the 25th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1897, until his assassination on September 14, 1901, six months into his second term.
Socialism
social and economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy,
Social Welfare Programs
provides assistance to needy individuals and families. The types and amount of welfare
New Freedom
a collection of speeches Woodrow Wilson made during his presidential campaign of 1912. The speeches promised significant reforms for greater economic opportunity for all while ensuring the tradition of limited government.
Municipal Reforms
refers to changes in city governments made to encourage greater efficiency, honesty, and responsiveness. Although municipal governments have been in flux since their creation, the
The New Nationalist
Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive political philosophy during the 1912 election.
Direct Primary
An election in which voters choose candidates to run on a party's ticket in a subsequent election for public office.
Initiative
the ability to assess and initiate things independently
Muckrakers
early influences and a continuation of watchdog journalism. The term is a reference to a character in John Bunyan's classic Pilgrim's Progress, "the Man with the Muck-rake" that rejected salvation to focus on filth.
Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair, Jr., was an American author who wrote nearly 100 books in many genres. He achieved popularity in the first half of the twentieth century, acquiring particular fame for his classic muckraking
Pure food and Drug act
June 30, 1906 is a United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated
Conservationist
a person who advocates or acts for the protection and preservation of the environment and wildlife.
16th,17th,18th Amendments
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The Square Deal
a fair bargain or treatment.
Prohibition
the prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol, especially in the US between 1920 and 1933.
Home Rule
the power of a constituent part (administrative division) of a state to exercise such of the state's powers of governance within its own administrative area that have been decentralized to it by the central government.
The Federal Reserve System
FRS' The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial
Bull Moose Party
U.S. dissident political faction that nominated former president Theodore Roosevelt for the presidency in 1912; the formal name and general objectives of the party
Election of 1912
1912 was also the only election in which a third-party candidate received more popular votes and electoral votes
Sussex Pledge
a promise made in 1916 during World War I by Germany to the United States prior to the latter's entry into the war. Early in 1915, Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, allowing armed merchant ships, but not passenger ships, to be torpedoed without warning.
Allies
a toy marble made of marble, alabaster, or glass.
U-Boat
a German submarine used in World War I or World War II.
AEF
consisted of the United States Armed Forces sent to Europe in World War I. During the United States campaigns in World War I the AEF fought in France alongside French and British allied forces in the last year of the war, against Imperial German forces.
Liberty Bonds
sold in the United States to support the allied cause in World War I
Zimmerman Note
1917 diplomatic proposal from the German Empire for Mexico to join an alliance with Germany in the event of the United States entering World War I against Germany
General Pershing
John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing, was the general in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces to victory over Germany in World War I, 1917-18
Armenian Genocide
The atrocities committed against the Armenian people of the Ottoman Empire during WWI are defined as the Armenian Genocide. Those massacres were perpetrated throughout different regions of the Ottoman Empire
Sedition
conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch.
Armistice
an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.
Battle of the Marne
known as the Miracle of the Marne) was a First World War battle fought from 5-12 September 1914. It resulted in an Allied victory against the German Army under Chief of Staff Helmuth von Moltke the Younger.
Reparations
the making of amends for a wrong one has done, by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged.
Self-Determination
the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government.
League of Nations
. An international organization established after World War I under the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles
Fourteen points
statement given on January 8, 1918 by United States President Woodrow Wilson declaring that World War I was being fought for a moral cause and calling for postwar peace in Europe.
Versailles Treaty
at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Calvin Coolidge
John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. was the 30th President of the United States. A Republican lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state
Palmer Raids
late 1919 and early 1920 by the United States Department of Justice intended to capture, arrest and deport radical leftists, especially anarchists, from the United States.
Laissez-Faire
a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.
Harlem Renaissance
An African-American cultural movement of the 1920s and 1930s, centered in Harlem, that celebrated black traditions, the black voice, and black ways of life.
Flappers
a fashionable young woman intent on enjoying herself and flouting conventional standards of behavior.
Sacco and Vanzetti
were Italian-born anarchists who were convicted of murdering a guard and a paymaster during the armed robbery of a shoe factory in Braintree, Massachusetts, United States in 1920.
Assembly Line
a series of workers and machines in a factory by which a succession of identical items is progressively assembled.
Teapot Dome Scandal
a bribery incident that took place in the United States from 1921 to 1924, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding.
Warren G. Harding
Warren Gamaliel Harding was the 29th President of the United States, a Republican from Ohio who served in the Ohio Senate and then in the United States Senate, where he played a minor role.
Jazz Age
The 1920s in the United States, a decade marked not only by the popularity of jazz, but also by attacks on convention in many areas of American life.
Duke Ellington
dward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington was an American composer, pianist and bandleader of jazz orchestras. He led his orchestra from 1923 until his death, his career spanning over 50 years
Charles Lindbergh
Charles Augustus Lindbergh, nicknamed Slim, Lucky Lindy, and The Lone Eagle, was an American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and social activist.
Henry Ford
Henry Ford was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production
Scopes Monkey Trial
The trial of John Scopes, a high school teacher in Tennessee, for teaching the theory of evolution in violation of state law. The trial was held in 1925
Al Capone
Alphonse Gabriel "Al" Capone was an American gangster who attained fame during the Prohibition era. His seven-year reign as crime boss ended when he was 33 years old.
Religious Fundamentalism
A usually religious movement or point of view characterized by a return to fundamental principles, by rigid adherence to those principles, and often by intolerance of other views and opposition to secularism.
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Clark Hoover was the 31st President of the United States. Hoover, born to a Quaker family, was a professional mining engineer
Hoovers ville
a shantytown built by unemployed and destitute people during the Depression of the early 1930s.
Buying on margin
Buying on margin is borrowing money from a broker to purchase stock. You can think of it as a loan from your brokerage. Margin trading allows you to buy more stock than you'd be able to normally.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
was an act sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley and signed into law on June 17, 1930, that raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods to record levels.
GNP
measure of a country's economic performance, or what its citizens produced (i.e. goods and services) and whether they produced these items within its borders.
Speculation
he forming of a theory or conjecture without firm evidence.
Twenty first- Amendment
United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol on January 17, 1920.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States
Elanor Roosevelt
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was an American politician, diplomat, and activist. She was the longest-serving First Lady of the United States, holding the post from March 1933 to April 1945 during her husband
Dow Jones Industrial Average
price-weighted average of 30 significant stocks traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq. The DJIA was invented by Charles Dow back in 1896.
Black Tuesday
October 29, 1929. On this date, share prices on the New York Stock Exchange completely collapsed, becoming a pivotal factor in the emergence of the Great Depression.
Welfare Capitalism
practice of businesses providing welfare services to their employees. Welfare capitalism in this second sense, or industrial paternalism, was centered on industries that employed skilled labor and peaked in the mid-20th century.
The First One Hundred Days
July 24, 1933, radio address by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, although he was referring to the 100 day session of the 73rd United States Congress between March 9 and June 17, rather than the first 100 days of his administration.
Bank Holiday
a day on which banks are officially closed, observed as a public holiday.
New Deal
group of government programs and policies established under President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s
Social Security Administration
independent agency of the United States federal government that administers Social Security, a social insurance program consisting of retirement, disability, and survivors' benefits.
CCC
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men from relief families as part of the New Deal. Originally for young men ages 18-23, it was eventually expanded to young men ages 17-28.
FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is a United States government corporation operating as an independent agency created by the Banking Act of 1933.
Wagner Act
officially National Labor Relations Act (1935), the single most important piece of labour legislation enacted in the United States in the 20th century.
WPA
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Court Packing
Court packing plan definition. A move by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to increase the size of the Supreme Court and then bring in several new justices who would change the balance of opinion on the Court.
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