Ch 23 Nutrition in Pediatrics

Energy and protein needs, per kilogram of body weight, are the highest at birth and steadily decline through early childhood until the adolescent growth spurt. True or False?
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Energy and protein needs, per kilogram of body weight, are the highest at birth and steadily decline through early childhood until the adolescent growth spurt. True or False?
True
The diet of a baby who demonstrates sucking and tongue thrusting should be:
a. Foods that dissolve
b. Rice cereal
c. Breast milk or formula feeds
d. Strained foods
c. Breast milk or formula feeds
Head circumference can be used to:
a. Identify short-term changes in nutritional status
b. Define acquired microcephaly due to an infectious process or poor brain development
c. Define macrocephaly as an HC with a z-score of 0
d. Identify long-term changes in nutritional status in a 5-year-old
b. Define acquired microcephaly due to an infectious process or poor brain development
Joey is 6 months old, has been breastfeeding exclusively, and is ready to begin solids foods. Mom read somewhere to introduce one food at a time to the infant. Why should new foods be introduced to an infant one at a time?
a. It prevents overfeeding
b. Immunological protection hasn't been developed
c. Any allergic reactions can be detected
d. The swallowing reflex is not under voluntary control
c. Any allergic reactions can be detected
Skinfold thickness can be used to measure fat and fat-free mass in children.
True
False
True
A.S.P.E.N. guidelines suggest delaying PN for 7 days, as is common in adults, in children requiring PN.
True
False
False
A child's whose BMI z-score is 1 standard deviation above normal is said be:

a. Overweight
b. Obese
c. Normal
d. At risk for becoming overweight
a. Overweight
Infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods at what age?
a. 4-6 months
b. 7-12 months
c. 4-6 weeks
d. 12-14 months
not b, a. 4-6 months
Proper interpretation of a z-score less than -2 for weight-for-length is that the child is:
a. Wasted
b. Stunted
c. Underweight
d. Severely wasted
not d, a. Wasted
Which of the following foods are optimal as first solid foods in a baby's diet?

a. Cow's milk
b. Yogurt with honey
c. Fortified cereals
d. Cut up fruits and vegetables
c. Fortified cereals
The difference between the CDC and WHO growth charts includes: a. The CDC growth charts represent children who were exclusively breastfed and are more cross-sectional in nature. b. The CDC growth charts should be used for children who are greater than 2 years of age c. The WHO growth charts are more longitudinal, are based on a larger sample size, and represent optimal growth in infants 0-24 months d. B and Cd. B and CMeasures of length in young infants are best done using the tare method. True FalsefalseWhat is the most sensitive indicator to change in nutritional intake or health? a. Weight b. Length c. Head circumference d. Weight/length or BMInot d, a. WeightFormula fed babies tend to have softer, more yellow stools than breastfed infants. True FalseFalseWhich is true regarding body composition as infants grow from birth to 2 years of age? The quality and quantity of lean body mass diminishes Total body water as a proportion of weight increases The quality and quantity of lean body mass improves Fat mass content declinesThe quality and quantity of lean body mass improvesWhich of the following are appropriate general guidelines for measurements to assess the growth of a child? a. Growth measurements should be made at 1, 4, and 10 years b. After the growth pattern is established, it will not change until adolescence c. After the child's pattern on the growth charts has been determined, it is not necessary to reevaluate on a regular basis d. Growth measurements of height, weight, and weight-for-height should be determined at every hospital or clinic visitd. Growth measurements of height, weight, and weight-for-height should be determined at every hospital or clinic visitWhich of the following are adolescents at risk for? a. Type II diabetes and hypertension b. Anemia and osteopenia c. Disordered eating, obesity d. All of the aboved. All of the aboveAdult enteral formulas should never be used in pediatric patients. True FalseFalseAdiposity rebound occurs during the later stages of catch-up growth True FalseFalseA baby breastfeeding for longer than 50 minutes is normal during the early stages of lactation. True FalseFalseWhen you are assessing needs for catch-up growth for a child whose actual weight is at the 3rd percentile, you should set his or her ideal body weight at: a. 3rd percentile weight-for-age b. 5-25th percentile weight-for-age c. Weight-for-length in non-stunted children d. B and Cd. B and CThe GIR must be about 2 mg/kg/min in order to prevent ketosis, but below 15 mg/kg/min to prevent hepatic steatosis and lipogenesis. True FalseTrue