Exam 1 Practice Questions

A crucial element of the study of human development is
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A crucial element of the study of human development is
Its scientific approach.
Cohort refers to a group of people who
are born within a few years of one another.
When Mary retired from her job of 30 years, her health improved and her income fell. From a dynamic-systems approach, she experienced a
multidirectional change.
A researcher interested in making a multicultural comparison would be most likely to compare which of the following?
Australians and Canadians
A researcher interested in how computer abilities change with age examines the computer skills of 14-year-olds and 20-year-olds. She finds that the computer skills of the 20-year-olds are better than those of the 14-year-olds. Which of the following is a possible explanation for this result?
Cohort differences
A behavior by a researcher that would be considered unethical is
Changing the data to support the hypothesis
A characteristic of grand theories includes: a. complete accuracy, b. limited scope, c. comprehensiveness, d. cohort-specific.
Comprehensiveness.
Danielle sucks her thumb because she finds it very pleasurable. She is also becoming emotionally attached to her daddy, Andy, who feeds her. According to Freud, Danielle is most likely in
the oral stage
The scientist who first demonstrated classical conditioning was:
Ivan Pavlov
Lori always yells at her 5-year-old son Jake when he won't get dressed for school. Although she has been yelling at him to get dressed nearly every day for months, he still does not comply when she asks him to get dressed. Operant conditioning would explain this by pointing out that
Lori's yelling is serving as a reinforcer.
The theory that arose in direct opposition to psychoanalytic theory isBehavioral theoryCognitive theories emphasize theDevelopment of thought processes and their effect on behavior.Molecules of DNA are referred to asChromosomesA genome isThe full set of genes for a particular organism.Human development begins when a sperm penetrates the membrane ofAn ovumAn XX pattern is the 23rd pair of chromosomes indicates the fetus willbe female.Physical traits such as height aredetermined by environmental influences and genetic potential.The longest period of prenatal development is theperiod of the fetusWhat begins to develop last during prenatal development?ToesTeratology refers toThe study of birth defectsBecause Suzanne is pregnant, she drinks only one glass of wine a day and smokes fewer cigarettes than previously. She should be told thatEach drug might intensify the effects of the other.The "age of viability" refers to the point when the preterm newborncan surviveSome teratogens are harmless until they reach a certain level of exposure; they then become dangerous, demonstrating the:threshold effectThe second stage of labor begins when thebaby's head appears at the opening of the vagina.Children reach half their adult height by age2 yearsThe biological protection of the brain when malnutrition temporarily affects body growth is known ashead-sparingThe nerve cells of the brain are calledNeuronsThe process by which underused neurons are inactivated is known asPruningThe process that is involved when a body system first detects an external stimulus isSensationThe Swiss scientist who emphasized that infants are active learners and that early learning is based on sensory and motor skills wasJean PiagetJean Piaget was most interested instudying how children think.Children all over the world usuallyfollow the same sequence of language developmentPiaget's basic test for object permanence involvesshowing a baby an interesting toy and then covering it with a cloth.Studies comparing breast-feeding with bottle-feeding show thatbreast-fed babies have fewer allergies and stomach aches.A baby sticks out its tongue and another person laughs. The baby joins in the laughter and deliberately sticks out its tongue again. Piaget would call thisSecondary circular reactionsThe first recognizable emotion in an infant isdistressAn infant's distress at an unfamiliar person is calledstranger warinessDr. Hoemann believes that a child's behavior problems are caused entirely by the parents' use of reinforcements and punishments. Dr. Hoemann is most likely abehavioristA sign of secure attachment isattempting to be close to the caregiverRuby does not notice when her mother leaves the day-care center and ignores her mother when she returns. Ruby's behavior isInsecure-avoidant attachment.