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Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from ________
Lola doesn't like to cook, so she eats fast food at least three times a week. When she doesn't eat fast food, she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich. For snacks, she prefers processed cheese cubes, potato chips, and pretzels. Based on this information, her diet is very high in ________
What type of tissue contains the least amount of waterFat tissueWhich of the following are functions of watermajor solvent, regulate body temperature, transport nutrientsDiffusion _____ when the concentrations of the material on either side of the plasma membrane are equalStopsMineral elements that have electrical charges that help maintain fluid balance in the body are calledElectrolytes and ionsHumans are able to make some water and to obtain it from which of the following types of foodsFruits and vegetablesDepending on a person's unique body composition roughly what percentage of body weight is contributed by water50-75%The amount of water a person needs to consume is determined byenvironmental temperatures, health conditions, dietary choices, physical activities.Which of the following is not a function of water within the bodybodily fluids provide a source of energy to the bodyA person who has perspired a lot while exercising on a humid day is at risk for ...due to fluid lossesDehydrationWater moves from a region that is _____ to a region that has more material dissolved in itDiluteThe body maintains fluid balance by controlling in each compartment the concentration of ...ionsTrue or false: Most unusable substances in the body can dissolve in water and exit the body through the urineTrueThe term that describes the body's water status is calledHydrationCalcium, sodium and potassium are examples of _____ mineralsMajorDiffusion _____ when the concentrations of the material on either side of the plasma membrane are equalStopsIron is an important component ofhemoglobin in blood cells.Which MyPlate food group does not contribute minerals to the dietall MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the dietWhat is the primary avenue for excess water to be removed from the bodyUrine outputThe kidneys produce smaller amounts of urine whenfluid intake is limited, fluid loss is great.How are minerals classifiedtrace minerals, major mineralsWhich of the following minerals participate in nerve transmissionPotassium, Calcium, sodiumEach of the MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet. What are the five MyPlate food groupsFruits, Vegetables, Protein, Dairy, GrainsRoles for calcium in the body includebone and teeth formation, blood clot formation, muscle contraction.Water aids in the removal of waste products from the bodythrough the production of urineThe process by which bone tissue gains strength and rigidity is calledbone mineralizationFor most Americans, milk products are significant food sources for...Calcium.Major minerals are called major becausethey are stored in the body in larger quantities, they are needed in greater dietary amounts.Calcium absorption in the small intestine is achieved with the help ofcalcium-binding protein, Vitamin D.The most plentiful mineral in the body isCalciumPeople with osteoporosis may break a bone by falling, or they may experience ... fractures, in which a fragile bone gives way for no apparent reasonSpontaneousThe crystalline structure composed of calcium and phosphorus used for bone formation is called ...hydroxyapatiteWhich of the following are good food sources of calciumMilk, Cheese, YogurtConsuming a calcium rich diet may have beneficial effects onsuccessful weight loss.Most of the phosphorus in the body can be found in theSkeleton.The greatest proportion of calcium absorption occurs in theDuodenum.Which of the following is NOT a good source of phosphorus in the typical American dietApplesWhich bones are most often subject to osteoporosis-related fracturesHip bones, Ankle bones, Wrist bones, VertebraeWhich of the following diseases or conditions are positively affected by calcium rich dietsinsulin resistance, chronic inflammation, hypertensionRoles for phosphorus in the body includegenerating ATP, synthesizing DNA, regulating acid-base balance.Good dietary sources of phosphorus includeMeat, dairy.Most of the sodium in the American diet comes from saltadded during food preparation, added during to food during processing, added to cooked meals at the table.The AI for sodium in adults is1500 mg/dayA person with persistently elevated blood pressure is diagnosed with ______HypertensionPotassium is needed by the body fornerve transmission, muscle contraction.Since there is no Upper Level set for potassium, is it advisable for individuals to take potassium supplementsNoPeople with hypertension are at an increased risk ofheart disease, kidney failure, stroke.What role in the body do sodium and potassium have in commonMaintaining fluid balance.Ted would like to lower his blood pressure by making a few dietary changes. If Ted aims to increase his potassium intake, he shouldchoose more fruits and vegetables.The absorption of magnesium usually ranges from between40-60%.Magnesium is a critical component in ______, making plants good food sources for magnesiumChlorophyllThe adult RDA for magnesium is ______ milligrams per day for adult men (>30 years of age) and about ______ milligrams per day for adult women (>30 years of age)420; 310The absorption of dietary magnesium increases whenthe body is deficient in magnesium.Chloride along with sodium plays an important role inRegulating fluid balanceWhich of the following is the best source of magnesiumSpinachSulfur is essential to the functioning of glutathione which has ______ activity in the bodyAntioxidantFunctions for chloride in the body includetransmission of nerve impulses, Hydrochloric acid production in the stomach, regulation of acid base balance.The major source of chloride in the American diet istable saltSulfur is a component of.cysteine, Biotin, methionine.Excellent sources of chloride includeTomatoes, Celery, seaweed.Choose the minerals that are classified as trace mineralsSelenium, Iron, Zinc, copperWhat are roles of iron within the human bodyneurological function, part of many enzymes, carrying oxygen, immune functionThe type of iron found in plant foods is referred to asnonheme iron.What happens when the body has adequate iron storesThe absorptive cells of the small intestine make ferritin which blocks iron absorption.The RDA for iron is highest fora 30-year-old woman.... minerals perform vital roles in the body although the body only requires consumption of less than 100mg/dayTraceIf an individual ate primarily locally produced foods, which location would have the least likelihood for developing goiterSan Diego, CAChoose the functions of ironwound healing, Growth, energy metabolism, immune function, reproductionWhat is the main source of heme ironMeat... is the major storage form of iron that also helps regulate iron absorptionFerritinThyroid hormone controls the rate of ______ metabolismCellularWhat is the RDA for iron in women under the age of 5018 mg/day... is an enlargement of the thyroid gland as a result of an iodine deficiencyGoiterWhat is the best food source for iodideIodized salt, 1/2 tspWhat are roles of iron within the human bodycarrying oxygen, neurological function, immune function, part of many enzymesWhich of the following foods contain goitrogensbrussels sprouts, Cauliflower, cabbageSelect the primary function of iodineThyroid hormone synthesisWhat is the adult RDA for iodide150 mcg/dayThe male RDA for iron is ______ and the female (between 19 and 20 years of age) RDA for iron is ______8 mg/day; 18 mg/dayIn what country was Zinc deficiency first discoveredIranWhich of the following are good dietary sources of iodinesaltwater fish, Seaweed, milkSoy products, turnips, and broccoli all contain compounds thatreduce thyroid production.Which of the following groups has marginally adequate intakes of iodineyoung American womenWhich of the following are functions of zincDNA synthesis, Cofactor for hundreds of enzymesZinc deficiencies were first observed in diets high in unleavened breads. The food group they were most likely to lack that contributed to the zinc deficiency wasmeat.Zinc is readily found in which of the following foodsbaked beans, roast beefThe UL for zinc is _____ mg per day40Recall that selenium is a component of severalEnzymes.Zinc is necessary for which of the followingWound healingSelect the food source that provides the most selenium per servingTuna, 3 ozExceeding the UL for zinc may result inDiarrhea, lowered HDL cholesterol levels, depressed immune system function.Exceeding the daily UL for selenium can lead to toxicity, known asSelenosisSelenium functions within the body as a component of several proteins referred to as ______SelenoproteinsFluoride is not considered an essential nutrient becauseit does not sustain life, it is not require for growth.The UL for selenium is ... µg/day400Evidence is inconclusive on the role of selenium-rich diets in lowering risk for which of the followingCancer, Heart diseaseWhat is the function of ChromiumGlucose regulation, Enhances the effect of insulinChromium is important for the metabolism and storage of ______Lipid, Carbohydrate, proteinChromium levels in plant foodsare reflective of chromium content in the soil.Americans typically consume ______ the RDA of 0.9 mg/day for coppermore thanManganese supports enzymes that assist inbone formation, wound healing, metabolism.Select food sources for chromiumPotatoes, Broccoli, Whole-grain BreadWhich of the following terms best describe the mineral molybdenumEssential, traceWhich of the following are good sources of copperwhole grains, Seeds, organ meatsChoose the functions of manganesewound healing, Metabolism, antioxidant function, bone and cartilage formationWhich of the following minerals may have physiological roles in the body but since their roles are not clear, they have not been classified as essential nutrientsVanadium, Arsenic, NickelWhich of the following is a cofactor of four enzymes including sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidaseMolybdenumConsuming high amounts of the ... form of arsenic can cause health problems such as cancerInorganic... toxicity can damage the nervous system and cause symptoms that resemble Parkinson's diseaseManganeseWhich of the following foods is an excellent source of heme ironBeef SteakWhich of the following increases iron bioavailabilityFoods rich in Vitamin CWhich of the following reasons are why one must limit apple juice consumption in children under six years of ageDue to high use in instecicides in farming processEmma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads, and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet lacks adequate ________IronA young man in a rural Iranian village eats very little meat and dairy products, but his diet contains a lot of unleavened whole-grain flat bread. He is very short for his age; his sexual organs are not fully developed; his intelligence is lower than normal; and he suffers from iron-deficiency anemia. Based on this information, the man probably has a(n) ________ deficiencyZincWhich of the following foods is the best source of chromiumBroccoliAngela is a 20-year-old college student. In addition to having a history of dental decay, she seems to break bones easily. Based on this information, Angela may need to increase her intake of ________FluorideWhich of the following is a common sign or symptom of iron deficiency anemiaDizziness, Coldness of hands and feet, shortness of breath, pale skinThe most dependable and abundant source of iodide in the American diet isFortified salt______ is considered having extra weight from bone, muscle, body fat and/or body water; whereas, ______ is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fatOverweight; ObesityThe percentage of obese American adults has ______ from 2000 to 2017IncreasedIdentify the health problems associated with excess weightHypertension, type 2 diabetes, CVDObese individuals often have _______ medical care costs than people with healthy body weightsGreaterWhich two variables are used to calculate a person's BMIWeight, Height... is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fatObesityThe technique used to measure the difference between the weight on a standard scale and that during submersion in water is called ... ...Underwater WeighingBetween 2017 and 2018, approximately ______ of American adults over age 20 years were either obese or extremely obese50%Choose the serious health problems that are associated with obesityvascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndromeCentral-body obesity ismore common in men, symbolic of extra visceral fat stores, sometimes described as having an "apple" body shape.The most costly conditions associated with obesity include ______coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, arthritisThe calories that cells use to carry out their activities is called ______energy outputAngela weighs 61 kg and is 1.6 meters tall. Calculate her BMI, rounding to the nearest whole number24A person who is overfat will weigh ... underwater compared to a person who is leanLessThe percentage of obese American adults has ______ from 2000 to 2017IncreasedA person's ... is about 10% higher than his or her ...RMR, BMRA person with central-body obesity has a body that is ______ shaped and a person with lower-body fat distribution has a body that is ______ shapedApple, PearChoose the factors that will increase a person's basal metabolic rateStress, post-exercise recovery, lactationFactors of energy output includeDigestion, Physical Activity, MetabolismAndy weighs 220 pounds and is 6 feet tall. His BMI reading would be about ______30The method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual on a standard scale and then weighing him or her submerged in water is known as ______hydrostatic weighing (underwater weighing)When calculating your estimated energy requirement, you will need to incorporate your ______Height, Weight, ageHow is resting metabolic rate (RMR) different from basal metabolic rate (BMR)RMR is higherFactors that increase a person's basal metabolic rate include ______periods of growth, tall stature, caffeineThe calories that cells use to carry out their activities is called ______energy output... methods of measuring energy expenditure are generally complex and require sophisticated laboratory toolsDirectWhich of the following best describes the energy balance equationEnergy input = Energy outputThe following factor(s) can affect actual energy requirements ______Age, Height, weightWhen compared to direct methods of measuring energy expenditure, indirect methods ______are relatively inexpensive, involve minimal equipmentEnergy ... occurs when calorie intake matches calorie expenditureBalanceWhat mechanisms make energy balance complexhormone levels influence weight loss, metabolic rates differ, adaptive thermogenesis and NEAT vary from person to personChildren are ____ likely to become overweight or obese if their mothers were overfat prior to becoming pregnantMoreAll of the following will increase an individual's BMR except ______StarvationChoose roles of insulin in energy balancepromotes glucose and fatty acid uptake, inhibits lipolysis in fat cells, promotes triglyceride synthesis in the liverThe sense that enough food or beverages have been consumed to satisfy hunger is calledSatietyChoose the accurate statements that explain why energy balance is a complex processweight loss produces differing fat and lean mass losses, weight gain varies even with the same amount of overfeedingGenetic factors that can play a role in the development of obesity includemetabolic rate, hormone production, body frameChoose factors that decrease body fat accumulationmindful eating practices, physical activity, healthy sleepWhich hormone promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake, inhibits lipolysis, and promotes the production of new fat cellsInsulinChoose the true statements about mindfulnessmay reduce emotional eating, has been shown to be moderately effective for weight loss, involves formal meditation practice and informal daily mindfulness practicesChoose factors that increase body fat accumulationsleep deprivation, high stress, hormonal imbalancePeople with hypothyroidism may experience ______Fatigue, weight gain, reduced metabolic rateChoose the weight-loss medication currently approved by FDA for weight lossLipase inhibitorThe medical specialty that focuses on obesity treatment is known asBariatricChoose the true statements about hypothyroidismcaused by the autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue, associated with reduced metabolic rate, weight gain, and increased risk of overweight and obesity, testing should be done for individuals with an unexplained weight gainPsychological disturbances that can lead to abnormal food-related behaviors and subsequent dangerous physiological complications are called ... ...Eating DisordersWhich of the following is associated with disordered eatingskipping meals or following fad diets, concerns about body imageWhat are the three main types of eating disorders that physicians can diagnosebinge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosaPeople with a mother or sister with anorexia nervosa are ______ likely to develop an eating disorder themselvesMoreAnorexia nervosa is characterized byself-imposed starvation, becoming emaciated.People with anorexia nervosaseverely restrict their food intake, have distorted body images.Which eating disorder has the highest mortalityAnorexia nervosaBinge-eating disorder, Bulimia nervosa and Anorexia nervosa are all examples ofEating disordersThe onset of the first menstrual cycle for female adolescents is calledMenarcheWhich factors can contribute to the development of an eating disorderPsychological, Genetic, socialBulimia nervosa is characterized byPurging, binge eating.An intense fear of gaining weight compels people with anorexia nervosa tofast frequently, diet frequently, exercise excessively.Choose the statements that are true about bulimia nervosa (BN)A person with BN often feels ashamed about their behavior and tries to hide it, A person with BN is difficult to identify by appearance, A person with BN can be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight.In order to diagnose a patient with anorexia nervosa, the doctor needs to determine if the patients weight isless than "minimally normal".The hypokalemia observed in people suffering from bulimia nervosa can be caused byabuse of diuretics, self-induced vomiting.A girl will not experience _____ until she has about 17% body fatMenarcheChoose the two classic characteristics of binge eating disorderconsume a large amount of food over a brief period, does not include purging behaviorChoose signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosafrequent heartburn, chronic sore throat, worn tooth enamelBecause people with binge-eating disorder do not purge, their risk for _______ increasesObesityThe rapid loss of electrolytes and fluids due to purging in bulimia nervosa can cause low blood levels of potassium, a condition known asHypokalemiaAn eating disorder characterized by food binges occurring after the evening meal and/or when the person awakens from sleep during the night is calledNight eating disorderA disordered eating pattern that is characterized by an unhealthy preoccupation with the body being too thin or not muscular enough is calledMuscle dysmorphiaWhat are the most serious health outcomes for a person who exhibits all of the signs of the female athlete triadAmenorrhea, Osteoporosis, eating disordersBinge-eating disorder may be ________ common than anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosaMorePhysiological consequences of low estrogen levels includemenstrual disturbances, reduced bone mass.Night eating syndrome is characterized bythe belief that one can only fall asleep after a large meal, waking during the night to binge eat, sleep disturbances.People with muscle dysmorphiaare usually male, are often body builders, exercise obsessively.Athletes that participate in a sport that emphasize small, lean bodies or requires "making weight" such as _______ are at increased risk of developing an eating disorderWrestling, gymnasticsFemale athletes have a _______ risk of disordered eating practices compared to males and females who do not participate in sportsHigherA professional that plays a critical role in the treatment of eating disorders is a ______Psychologist, registered dietitian, medical doctorLow energy availability is associated with a(an)Estrogen deficiencyIndividuals who are involved in occupations that focus on thinness such as __________ have an increased risk of developing an eating disorderballet dancing, Acting, fashion modelingWhat role does an RDN have when treating a person with an eating disorderprovide appropriate medical nutrition therapy, teach healthy eating patterns, answer patient questions about nutrition and foodWhich of the following is not a factor that are related to the mother's health during pregnancyMother's daily exercise regimen during pregnancyWhat can an individual do to see if their genes have a greater influence on their weightGet a genetic risk scoreAccording to national surveys, approximately ________ of American adults over the age of 20 were either overweight or obese in 2015-2016Find out________ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organsVisceral________ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruisesSubcutaneous________ is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. The hormone slows the digestive process by signaling the hypothalmus to reduce hunger and delaying gastric emptyingFind outWhich of the following hormones stimulates hunger sensationsGhrelinWhich of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that water and electrolytes conduct electricityBioelectrical impedanceGeorge is a 5′ 8′′, 29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds. To lose weight, he's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. George wants to a permanent solution to treat his obesity. George's physician is likely to recommend a(n) ________ as the best way to help George lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of itSleeve gastrectomy________ alters the activity of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain, influencing satiety and reducing food intake as a resultBelviqActivities are classified as physical activity or exercise. Which of the following examples of movements are classified as physical activitySweeping the kitchen floor, Shopping for groceriesPeople who exercise regularly have a reduced risk for ______Alzheimer's disease, Hypertension, many types of cancersNeighborhood safety, proximity of restaurants and shopping, and availability of parks, trails, and fitness centers are all _____ factors that contribute to a person's ability to be physically activeEnvironmentalThe base of the physical activity pyramid includes activities of daily living. What makes up the second tier (directly above the triangle base) of the physical activity pyramidaerobic exercise, resistance exercise, flexibility exerciseAdults who to perform vigorous activities for exercise should engage for at least ... minutes per week75Which of the following is the best example of unstructured physical activityWalking to classWhich of the following is not considered a health benefit associated with regular physical activityirregular sleeping cyclesEnvironmental factors that contribute to an individual's physical activity include: neighborhood safety, ability to walk to destinations, availability of local parks, trails, and fitness centers.To find your age-related maximal heart rate, subtract your ... from ...Age; 220Healthy adults should participate in which of the following activitiesStrength-training, Aerobic, neuromotor exercise, flexibility exerciseWhat are the benefits of the warm-up prior to the start of an exercise routineIncreased range of motion, Decreased risk of injuryRegular physical activity has health benefits that include ______reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, weight control, managing symptoms of depressionIn a strength training workout, the individual should perform a minimum of ... exercises to strengthen the major muscle groups of the upper and lower body8Discontinuing an exercise program results in ______DetrainingEnduring fitness plans includean exercise buddy, variety.Which part of the exercise program is designed to increase your joints' range of motion and may decrease your risk of injuryWarm-upMuscle cells use a small amount of ... to make energy used for muscular contractionAmino acidStrength training should be performed at least ... days per week2An increase in muscle acidity results inMuscle fatigueUnder normal conditions, most muscles use mostly which nutrients as an energy sourceGlucose, Fatty acidsWhen working muscles metabolize glucose anaerobically, a build-up of ... can inhibit activities of key enzymes, slow anaerobic ATP production, and cause short-term fatigueAcidityOnce a person achieves his/her goals, they will move into the ______ stage of exerciseMaintenanceThe ability of your heart and lungs to deliver oxygen to muscles is calledaerobic capacity.What is the predominate fuel supplying energy during lower intensity exercise, such as weight-liftingFat (Lipid)Nutrition that focuses on applying nutrition principles and research findings to improve athletic performance and recovery is referred to as _______ nutritionSportsAthletes who don't consume sufficient calories can experienceFatigue, loss of bone density, muscle mass loss.VO2 max is also known asaerobic capacity.Consuming several servings of whole grains, dairy foods, starchy vegetables and fruits each day will maintain adequate stores of _____________ in the liver and muscleglycogenThe focus of sports nutrition is on which of the followingImproving athletic performance, Supporting recovery following a training sessionAn athlete's pre-event meal should supply... to ...g of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight1;4Athletes need _______ energy compared to non athletes to support their active lifestylesMoreSports drinks are a convenient way to add ______ during lengthy and vigorous physical activitiesGlucoseHow do athletes ensure they are consuming enough carbohydrates to maintain liver and muscle glycogen storesconsume several servings of fruits and vegetables daily, consume several servings of dairy daily, consume several servings of grains dailyWhat is the best way to replenish glycogen stores following exhaustive exerciseRest, High-carbohydrate dietA 150-pound athlete's pre-event meal should provide ______ g of carbohydrate70-300The primary source of fat to fuel activity isplasma FFAs, intramuscular triglycerides.What is the main purpose of adding carbohydrate to sport drinksSupplies glucose during lengthy and vigorous physical activityWhat is the predominate fuel supplying energy during maximal exercise, such as hard cyclingCarbohydrateWhat percent of total energy intake should physically active people get from fat20 - 35%Athletes can consume sports drinks, candy, sugar-sweetened soft drinks, and fruit or fruit juices to restore ... stores quickly following an athletic eventGlucosePlasma FFA and intramuscular ______________ are the primary sources of fat to fuel physical activityWhat is a convenient way to add a source of glucose during lengthy and vigorous physical activitySports drinksI weigh 50 kg, what is my RDA for protein40 gIn order to maintain adequate stores of glycogen, an athlete should eat severals servings per day of which of the following foodsStarchy vegetables, Fruits, Whole grains, DairyThe primary fuels for cellular activity areCarbs and fatsThe recommended fat intake of 20 to 35% of energy is ______ for athletes compared to the general populationThe sameThe two types of protein found in milk areCasein and wheyWhat is the adult RDA for protein0.8 g/kgWhich of the following is not a major biological fuelProteinChoose the roles played by vitamins and mineralshemoglobin formation, cofactors involved in energy metabolism, bone health, immune functionWhat percent of total energy intake should physically active people get from fat20 - 35%Which functions of iron are associated with optimizing athletic performanceEnergy production, Oxygen transport, Red blood cell productionAthletes may have higher protein requirements than the RDA. What is the recommended protein intake for moderate- and high-intensity physical activity1.2-2.0 g/kgWhy are oxidative vitamins importantTo protect the body against oxidative stress and damage.Athletic performance suffers when one is deficient inIron, Water, calories.Weak bones that fracture easily and having an increased risk for osteoporosis are possible outcomes of ______restricting consumption of dairy products, low calcium intake, low vitamin D intakeThe average adult male needs about ______ cups of water per day15.5nvoluntary muscle spasms usually affect the back, abdominal, or calf muscles. The recommended treatment for these painful cramps include resting, drinking juice or a sports drink, massaging and _____ the affected musclesStretchingIf the difference between preexercise and postexercise body weights is more than ______ percent, fluid replacement is necessary during the activity2A sports drink is recommended when exercise lasts at least30 minutes.Athletes who restrict their consumption of dairy products may ______have weak bones that fracture easily, be at risk for osteoporosis later in lifeWhat should you do if you experience painful muscle spasmsgently stretch and massage the affected muscle, rest the muscle, drink juice or a sports drinkSymptoms of hyponatremia includeConfusion, Seizures, headaches.If a person loses 2 pounds of body weight following exercise, how much water should be consumed during the next bout of similar activity to maintain water balance1.0 to 1.4 litersWhen should an athlete consume a sports beveragesDuring physical activities lasting more than 30-60 minutes, When exercising in excessive heat and humidity, When participating in high-intensity activities.Choose the true statements about anabolic steroidsregulated by the FDA and Drug Enforcement Administration, pose serious health risks, mimic the action of the male hormone testosteroneThe NCAA monitors the use of ergogenic aids through random ... testingUrineDrinking too much water, resulting in diluting blood sodium can causehyponatremia.A drug that is taken to increase muscle tissue by working similar to the male sex hormone testosterone is called a(n)Anabolic steroidThe "sing-test" is used to easily determine what in regards to what in trainingExercise intensity, flexibility, muscle strengthWhen an athlete takes branched-chain amino acids he or she can expect all of the following effects EXCEPT ________Preventing dehydrationMinimally, how many day(s) per week should muscle strengthening be done2An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program ________Gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities.Which of the following statements about whey protein is falseWhey protein supplements may enhance exercise recovery and increase muscle protein synthesis in resistance athletes.In order for an individual to maintain an exercise regimen it helps if ________The exercise is built into a daily routineVarious environmental factors contribute to whether or not an individual meets physical activity recommendations. The ________ refers to the buildings, roads, parks, supermarkets, and restaurants in a community that can impact the likelihood that those living in the community will walk, bike, and engage in physical activityBuilt environmentLiz is a triathlete competing in the Ironman Triathlon in Hawaii. The weather is hot and humid and Liz is beginning to exhibit signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion. Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of heat exhaustionLight-headedness or dizzinessVariables that determine an athlete's energy needs include all of the following except ________Ethnicity"Hitting the wall" is a term to describe ________someone has essentially run out of available carbohydrates for energyThe .. period encompasses the time from conception, until the birth of a full-term infant? GestationChoose the definitions for fertility in men and women? the ability to produce healthy, viable sperm, the ability to become pregnantThe time before pregnancy is the ... period? PreconceptionWhat is the female organ that houses and protects the developing fetus during gestation? UterusWhat is another term that can be used to describe the entire condition of pregnancy? gestationBy the beginning of the ______ trimester, the fetus weighs about 1 and a half ounces and is about 3 and a half inches long? SecondHaving adequate nutrient stores to support a pregnancy is important before becoming pregnancy because ______? many women do not realize they are pregnant until 6 to 8 weeks of gestationWhat are indications that an individual is pregnant? nausea and vomiting, fatigue and sleepiness, breast changesThe capability to reproduce is called? FertilityConception occurs when? a woman's egg is fertilized by a sperm.Women who gain too much weight during pregnancy are at an increased risk of delivering a ________? high birth weight infant.What are the characteristics of the fetus as the second trimester begins? About 3.5 inches long, Very tiny, Weighs about an ounce and a halfMany of the signs associated with pregnancy (e.g., extreme tiredness, nausea) usually occur within the _____ trimester? FirstTrue or false: To alleviate constipation during pregnancy, one should increase fiber and fluid intake? TrueThe nutrients of importance for women who are pregnant or lactating are ______? Iodine, Choline, Folate, ironDuring the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, a woman requires ______ energy to support the growth of her enlarging fetus? MoreIf a woman gains too much weight during her pregnancy? she may have difficulty losing weight after delivery, she has an increased risk of delivery complications.The RDA for Vitamin D during pregnancy is ____ ug/day? 15The concept of developmental origins of health and disease means that ______? the nutritional environment during fetal development affects disease susceptibility later in lifeCaffeine consumed during pregnancy may? depress the flow of blood in the placenta.Exposure of high levels of lead during or before pregnancy can lead to? a low birth weight infant, a preterm delivery, miscarriage.Certain medications can contribute to poor birth outcomes such as ______? low birth weight, neurodevelopment delay, miscarriageTo manage diabetes during pregnancy, the mother should eat healthy foods, participate in regular exercise, and? monitor blood glucose levels.The blood pressure of a woman with gestational hypertension usually ______ after the baby is delivered? returns to normal.An increased risk of miscarriage, preterm delivery, low birthweight and developmental delays can occur after exposure of a pregnant women to which mineral? LeadWhat is the treatment for women who are diagnosed with mild anemia during pregnancy? iron supplementationChoose the recommendations to manage diabetes during pregnancy? eat healthy foods, monitor blood glucose levels, participate in regular exerciseWho is at risk for delivering low-birth-weight infants? women who do not gain the minimum recommended weightThe production of milk by the mammary gland in breast tissue is called? lactationThe main causes of anemia during pregnancy are? insufficient dietary iron intake, expansion of the mother's blood volume.During the first 3 to 4 days after giving birth, a woman's breasts secrete a yellow fluid called? colostrumProper nutrition is critical during infancy in order to support rapid ... and development? GrowthThe reflex that enables an infant to turn its head and open its mouth if its cheek is stroked is the? rooting reflex.Choose the milestone activities that occur within the first six months of life? holds head without support, grasps objects with palms of hands, sits with back supportAn infant's calorie needs are about ______ kcal per kg body weight per day? 108When should complementary foods be introduced to an infant? 4-6 months of ageFine motor skills involve the ability to control the movements of the? Fingers.The nutrient-related reflexes that help an infant to obtain liquids are the? rooting reflex, extrusion reflex, suck reflex.An infant's protein need during the first 6 months of life is approximately _______ gm/kg body weight? 1.5The correct term that describes the gradual process of shifting from breast- or bottle-feeding to eating solid foods is called? weaning.After the infancy period, at routine medical check-ups,what continues to be monitored as an important indicator of a youngster's health status? Height and weightBody size, gender and physical activity are factors used to determine the amount of __________ that a child needs? CaloriesThe toddler stage refers to a child who "toddles" when walking and is characteristic of children between _____ years of age? 1 and 3Negative factors that affect a school aged child's food choices include? television advertisements for carbonated beverages.The period in which a child becomes capable of reproduction is the ... life stage? AdolescentWhat are common nutrition-related problems that affect preschool children? too little potassium, dental caries, too much sodiumAdult height is reached when the? Epiphyseal plates closePositive factors that affect a school aged child's food choices include? parents serving fresh fruit with snacks.The percentage of American children between the ages of 2 and 19 who are obese is ______ percent? 19%Which habit practiced during pregnancy is associated with the development of obesity during childhood? Smoking... refers to declining organ functioning and increased vulnerability to disease that occurs after a person reaches physical maturity? SenescenceWhich age group is one of the fastest-growing segments of the United States population? Oldest ageWhat is the term for the average length of time a person born in a specific year can expect to live? Life expectancyDamage or error theories suggest that organs tire and wear out due to damage resulting in part from? Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, consuming a poor diet.Older adults consume more ______ than recommended? added sugars, solid fats, sodiumEnergy needs decline with advancing age due to? reduced metabolic rate, reduced physical activity.Older adults may have an increased risk of developing protein malnutrition if? they are physically unable to shop or cook, they live alone, they have a limited income.... theories have the premise that organs simply wear out with use and abuse? Damage or errorIn the United States older adults often consume less than the recommended servings of? Vegetables, fruits.Vitamin D needs are increased in older adults because? the activation of a vitamin D precursor decreases, they do not usually obtain sufficient sun exposure.As the body ages, the need for energy? DeceasesThe status of ______ is commonly low in older adults? vitamin B-12Many older Americans take a calcium supplement? because it is difficult to meet calcium requirements by eating food, to prevent the onset of osteoporosis.Low vitamin B-12 status is common in older adults because? they absorb less vitamin B-12.Sarcopenia is associated with ______ in older adults? an increased risk of falls, reduced mobility, poor quality of lifeThe loss of muscle mass that often occurs in older adults is called? SarcopeniaHow can people increase their chances of keeping most of their teeth? regular dental care, follow recommended dental hygiene practices, avoiding tobacco productsWhen the fluid pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye is higher than normal, ______ occurs? GlaucomaWhat can help improve nutrient intakes of older persons? Serve foods in sunny, well-lit areas, Try new foods and ways of preparing food, Emphasize nutrient dense food when menu planning.The condition that develops as the heart becomes too weak to pump adequate blood throughout the body is called? Heart failureChoose possible side effects of diuretics medications? Dehydration, dizzinessThe decline in mental functioning often seen with advanced age that affects daily living is called? DementiaThe most common form of degenerative age-related dementia among older Americans is? Alzheimers diseaseA neurological disorder that can cause dementia and that leads to the loss of muscle function, tremors, stiffness and impaired balance is called? Parkinsons diseaseThe condition that damages brain tissue and occurs when the blood supply to the brain is reduced is called? Vascular dementiaProper nutrition is critical during infancy in order to support rapid ... and developmentGrowthThe reflex that enables an infant to turn its head and open its mouth if its cheek is stroked is therooting reflex.Choose the milestone activities that occur within the first six months of lifeholds head without support, grasps objects with palms of hands, sits with back supportAn infant's calorie needs are about ______ kcal per kg body weight per day108When should complementary foods be introduced to an infant4-6 months of ageFine motor skills involve the ability to control the movements of theFingers.The nutrient-related reflexes that help an infant to obtain liquids are therooting reflex, extrusion reflex, suck reflex.An infant's protein need during the first 6 months of life is approximately _______ gm/kg body weight1.5The correct term that describes the gradual process of shifting from breast- or bottle-feeding to eating solid foods is calledweaning.After the infancy period, at routine medical check-ups,what continues to be monitored as an important indicator of a youngster's health statusHeight and weightBody size, gender and physical activity are factors used to determine the amount of __________ that a child needsCaloriesThe toddler stage refers to a child who "toddles" when walking and is characteristic of children between _____ years of age1 and 3Negative factors that affect a school aged child's food choices includetelevision advertisements for carbonated beverages.The period in which a child becomes capable of reproduction is the ... life stageAdolescentWhat are common nutrition-related problems that affect preschool childrentoo little potassium, dental caries, too much sodiumAdult height is reached when theEpiphyseal plates closePositive factors that affect a school aged child's food choices includeparents serving fresh fruit with snacks.The percentage of American children between the ages of 2 and 19 who are obese is ______ percent19%Which habit practiced during pregnancy is associated with the development of obesity during childhoodSmoking... refers to declining organ functioning and increased vulnerability to disease that occurs after a person reaches physical maturitySenescenceWhich age group is one of the fastest-growing segments of the United States populationOldest ageWhat is the term for the average length of time a person born in a specific year can expect to liveLife expectancyDamage or error theories suggest that organs tire and wear out due to damage resulting in part fromSmoking, excessive alcohol consumption, consuming a poor diet.Older adults consume more ______ than recommendedadded sugars, solid fats, sodiumEnergy needs decline with advancing age due toreduced metabolic rate, reduced physical activity.Older adults may have an increased risk of developing protein malnutrition ifthey are physically unable to shop or cook, they live alone, they have a limited income.... theories have the premise that organs simply wear out with use and abuseDamage or errorIn the United States older adults often consume less than the recommended servings ofVegetables, fruits.Vitamin D needs are increased in older adults becausethe activation of a vitamin D precursor decreases, they do not usually obtain sufficient sun exposure.As the body ages, the need for energyDeceasesThe status of ______ is commonly low in older adultsvitamin B-12Many older Americans take a calcium supplementbecause it is difficult to meet calcium requirements by eating food, to prevent the onset of osteoporosis.Low vitamin B-12 status is common in older adults becausethey absorb less vitamin B-12.Sarcopenia is associated with ______ in older adultsan increased risk of falls, reduced mobility, poor quality of lifeThe loss of muscle mass that often occurs in older adults is calledSarcopeniaHow can people increase their chances of keeping most of their teethregular dental care, follow recommended dental hygiene practices, avoiding tobacco productsWhen the fluid pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye is higher than normal, ______ occursGlaucomaWhat can help improve nutrient intakes of older personsServe foods in sunny, well-lit areas, Try new foods and ways of preparing food, Emphasize nutrient dense food when menu planning.The condition that develops as the heart becomes too weak to pump adequate blood throughout the body is calledHeart failureChoose possible side effects of diuretics medicationsDehydration, dizzinessThe decline in mental functioning often seen with advanced age that affects daily living is calledDementiaThe most common form of degenerative age-related dementia among older Americans isAlzheimers diseaseA neurological disorder that can cause dementia and that leads to the loss of muscle function, tremors, stiffness and impaired balance is calledParkinsons diseaseThe condition that damages brain tissue and occurs when the blood supply to the brain is reduced is calledVascular dementiaAn infection caused by microscopic disease-causing agents in food is called aFood-borne illnessWhat are the tasks performed by the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition to protect the U.S. food supplyregulates nearly all domestic and imported food sold in interstate commerce, enforces federal food safety lawsPathogens, insect parts, residues of compounds used to kill insects that destroy food crops, and metal fragments from food-processing equipment are all considered a ______ if found in a foodContaminantFood-borne illness causing microbes are often found inSewage, Air, Water, soil.Food-borne illnesses are typically caused by eating foodswith microbes or their toxic by-product.To survive and multiply, most microbes need ______, and some require oxygena source of nutrients, Moisture, warmthThe length of time a pathogen grows and multiplies in food or the digestive tract is called the _____ periodIncubationA food that is no longer wholesome, pure, or safe for human consumption, is calledA contaminated foodWhat are the major kinds of pathogensViruses, Bacteria, protozoaSome characteristics of bacteria are that theygrow in a neutral pH, prefer warm temperatures.Which statements are true about the Norovirus infectionSymptoms may include vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea.Onset of symptoms occurs 24 hours to 2 days after exposure.Sources of aflatoxins includeCorn, tree nuts, peanutsThe two major pathogens responsible for most cases of food-borne illnesses areViruses and bacteriaSingle celled microorganisms that are a common food-borne pathogen areBacteriaThe most notable prion disease isBovine spongiform encephalopathyWhich of the following is highly perishable due to the concentration of pathogens on the outside and insideHamburgerCertain molds produce ________, a substance that might cause severe illness, particularly liver damageAflatoxinsWhat are some actions an individual may take to ensure food quality when mold is found on foodCompletely cut out the moldy portions of the food.Throw the food out.Choose the techniques that are recommended when storing foods to prevent food-borne illnessKeep the refrigerator as cold as possible without freezing milk or lettuce, Cook raw fish, shellfish, and poultry the day they are purchased or freeze immediately, Chill or freeze hot foods immediately, it is not necessary to let hot foods cool before freezing.Single celled microorganisms that are a common food-borne pathogen areBacteriaWhat summarizes the four rules set by the USDA as part of the "Check Your Steps!" ProgramClean, Separate, Cook, ChillWhen is raw fish safe to eatWhen it is very fresh before being commercially frozen and then thawed.A food preservation method used to produce foods like yogurt, wine, cheese and sauerkraut isFermentation.Ground meat is often contaminated with microbes becausethe grinding process increases the surface area, the grinding process mixes in pathogens from the surface throughout the meat.Low-acidic foods should be boiled for at least ______ minutes to safely destroy the Clostridium botulinumTenThe process of food irradiation preserves food by using a high amount ofEnergy.High-acidic foods have a ______ risk of containing the botulimum microorganismLesserWhat are some benefits of food additivesFood additives may be used to prevent enzymes from causing undesirable changes, Food additives may be used to limit the growth of food-borne illness causing bacteria.Which statement concerning the GRAS list is trueManufacturers can include items on the GRAS list as ingredients without testing them for safety.What agency regulates tap waterEnvironment Protection AgencyTo prepare for a natural disaster, people should store at least ... gallon(s) of water per person per day1As a person ages their risk of ________ increases. This condition results in loss of muscle function, shaking, stiffness, and poor balanceParkinson's diseaseWhich of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adultsCalciumWhich of the following factors contribute to reduced food intake among older adultsReduced mobility and flexibility, loss of teeth, depression.Age-related dementia includes ________Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, parkinson's disease... is a normal physiological change associated with agingReduced estrogen production
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