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Honors Bio Midterm(1-19-15)

Terms in this set (91)

Webs and Chains
Flow of energy, organization, relationships, tropic levels, producers/consumers
Pyramid
Biomass, energy, numbers, tropic levels, 10% rule
Cycles
Carbon, water, nitrogen, recycle
Population
Exponential and Logistic
Exponential
Doubles over time and no limiting factors
Logistic
Carrying capacity reached at some point, limiting factors
Relationships
Predator/prey, symbiotic, competitive
Mutualism
Win/win
Commensalism
Win/neither
Parasitism
Win/lose
Resperation
The process of living organisms to make energy with oxygen and output carbon dioxide (oxygen+glucose--> carbon dioxide+water+ATP)
Mitochondria
Energy production in a cell (power house)
Aerobic
Involving or improving oxygen consumed by the body
Anaerobic
Organism that can live in the absence of atmospheric oxygen
Matter
Takes up space and has mass
Potential Energy
The ability of a system/something to do work
Kinetic Energy
Energy possessed by motion (energy of motion)
Metabolism
Chemical process in (Living) organisms to maintain life
Anabolic
Process with chemical reactions that constructs or synthesizes molecules
Catabolic
The break down in (living) organisms
Photosynthesis
When an organism uses carbon dioxide and water to convert it into energy (glucose), (carbon dioxide+water+ATP--> glucose+oxygen)
Chloroplast
Traps sunlight and converts it to glucose
Chlorophyll
Responsible for absorption of light
Macromolecule
Molecule with a lot of atoms (protein, nucleic acid)
Organic Molecule
Molecule usually found/produced by living things
ATP
Produces and stores high energy sugars within a cell
Diffusion
Random movement of molecules from high to low concentration/densities until equilibrium
Equilibrium
Rest/balance of molecules because opposing sides are equal
Concentration
Amount of an added substance to a solution of a given volume
Concentration gradient
Difference in a concentration and dissolved substance between high and low concentration
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Thin wall enclosing the cell's cytoplasm and filtering what gets through/in
Semipermeable
Letting only certain molecules through
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane
Hypotonic
High solute concentration in a solution or given space
Isotonic
Same concentration between given areas
Hypertonic
Low solute concentration in a given space
Hypothesis
Prediction that can be tested
Scientific Theory
The testable explanations and predictions
Manipulated Variable
The changed/independent variable the experiment is testing
Responding variable
The dependent variable, responds to the manipulated variable
Controlled Variable
Variable that does not change
Abiotic Factor
Nonliving (natural earth Factors)
Biotic Factors
Living or once living (organisms)
Habitat
The natural environment of an organism; where an animal is usually found
Niche
Place/function of an organism in a community of plants and animals (ecosystem)
Autotroph
A self-nourishing organism using materials as a source of nutrients
Heterotroph
An organism that can't produce food on it's own so it gets it's energy from plants
Glycolysis
In the cytoplasm, to split glucose into 2 smaller molecules
The Krebs Cycles
In the matrix of the Mitochondria, chemical reactions to produce carbon dioxide and ATP and electrons
Electron Transport Chain
In the Cristae (inner Mitochondria Membrane), to create Mucher-Uber ATP
Passive Transport
The movement of molecules and ions across a membrane
Active transport
Movement of ions or molecules through a membrane into high concentration
Facilitated Diffusion
Process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules and ions
Homeostasis
Stable equilibrium between interdependent elements/molecules
Biomass
The total amount of mass organisms have in an area and also the organic matter made into energy
Producer
An organism to produce energy for things higher in the food chain
Consumer
Uses the producer's energy or energy from another consumer that took the producer's
Trophic Level
A level in the food chain of an ecosystem that shares the same Nutritious relationship as another
Food/Energy Web
A way to determine relationships and interlock food chains
Food/Energy Chain
Series of organisms each depending on the next for energy
Succession
Progressive replacement of one dominant type of species/community by another in an ecosystem
Symbiosis
A relationship of mutual benefit or dependence
Limiting Factor
Something (condition, environment or object) that keeps an organism from growing
Carrying capacity
Maximum increase/growth an organism can have
Scavenger
An animal that eats dead and decaying matter
Decomposed
Organism that breaks down the cells of something once living
Extremophile
An organism that has the ability to survive physically or geochemically extreme conditions
Protein
Macromolecule consisting of amino acid subunits
Amino Acid
A smaller unit of a protien
Peptide bond
Covalent bond formed between one amino acid and another
Enzyme
A protein that functions as a catalist
Catalyst
Substance to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without being altered
Substrate
When an enzyme acts to form products
Primary structure
The linear sequence of it's amino acid structural units
Secondary Structure
The general 3D form of biopolymers like proteins and nuclear acids
Tertiary Structure
Refers to the protein's geometric shape
Quarternary Structure
Arrangement of multiple folded proteins or coiling protiens
Monomers
Subunits of macromolecules
Polymers
Monomers combined
Dehydration
Losing water to glue glucose together
Hydrolysis
Uses energy and makes water
Carbohydrates
Macromolecule; sugars and starches
Lipids
Fats and oils
Proteins
Enzymes + structural
Nucleic Acid
DNA and RNA
Monosaccharides
Simples sugars, 1 carbon ring, 1 sugar
Disaccharides
2 sugars
Polysaccharides
3+ carbon rings, arranged into chains and branches
Starch
Glucose stored in plants
Glycogen
Extra energy; slow way of releasing energy after you've finished the glucose energy
Cellulose
Structure and support in plant cell walls, stems and branches
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