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Social Studies Teacher Test

Terms in this set (46)

What is chronology?
A word meaning "the study of time." Putting events in order means listing them in the order in which they happened.
What are the various sources provide information about the past and present?
Letters, diaries, speeches, and photographs are examples of primary sources. Primary sources help students relate in a personal way to events of the past and promote a deeper understanding of history as a series of human events.
What are the contributions of classical civilizations such as China, Africa, Egypt, Greece and Rome?
China- Created paper, printing (books), gunpowder, and the compass.
Africa- pens and ink, the calendar, medicine.
Egypt- math, astronomy, writing.
Greece- philosophy, math, astronomy, medicine, literature, theater.
What are the characteristics of indigenous peoples in North America before European exploration?
Different tribes all across America,
spoke different languages.
Had different traditions
grew crops like corn (maize).
Hunting versus gathering.
What are the causes and effects of European exploration and the colonization of North America?
Causes- God, Glory for country, gold, more land, etc.
Effect- European and Native American clash, slavery, more trade routes.
How did the conflict between the American colonies and Great Britain lead to American independence?
The American Revolution was principally caused by colonial opposition to British attempts to impose greater control over the colonies and to make them repay the crown for its defense of them during the French and Indian War (1754-63). The main reason the colonies started rebelling against 'mother England' was the taxation issue. The colonies debated England's legal power to tax them and, furthermore, did not wish to be taxed without representation. This was one of the main causes of the Revolutionary War.
What are the developments of the Unites States government?
Declared independence from England on July 4th 1776.
Revolutionary War begins and lasts until 1781.
Constitution was created in 1787.
Two separate political parties- federalists and democratic- republicans
Branches of government:
Legislative- makes laws.
Executive- carries out laws.
Judicial- evaluates laws.
What are the political, economic, and social changes that occurred in the United States during the nineteenth century?
Reform in education.
Reform to help people in poverty.
Public Health reform.
What are important developments in the United States during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries?
Twentieth century- progressive reform (civil rights, women's rights), after effects of WWI, WWII, etc.
Twenty-first century- development of technology, progressive reform (women's rights, racial tension).
What are the concepts of family and community?
Relationships, marriage and family are at the core of every community. Families are universally recognized as an important source of support and security. They can provide safe and stable environments which nurture the growth and development of each member throughout the different stages of life, from birth to old age.
What are the purposes and functions of government?
A government is an institution through which leaders exercise power to make and enforce laws. A government's basic functions are providing leadership, maintaining order, providing public services, providing national security, providing economic security, and providing economic assistance.
What are the various levels of government?
Democracy.
Monarchy.
Totalitarianism.
Oligarchy- few elite rule, especially despotic (a person uses their power over other people in a very unfair or cruel way) power exercised by a small and privileged group for corrupt or selfish purposes.
Constitution- separation of powers, checks and balances, popular sovereignty (rule consented by the people), republicanism (ideas that guide the government), federalism (division of power between national and state government).
Declaration of Independence- equality, right to life liberty and the pursuit of happiness, consent of the governed.
What are the characteristics of responsible citizenships (e.g., voting, civic duties)?
Voting.
Obey the laws.
Pay taxes.
What are the concepts of location, distance, and direction?
Distance is a measure of the space between one place and another, measured in things like meters, kilometers, yards, or miles. Direction is used to determine where things are in relation to other things. Cardinal directions are probably the most important directions in geography: north, south, east and west.
What are the physical characteristics of place and how they affect human activities and settlement patterns?
Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to.
What are human characteristics of place and how humans adapt to variations in the physical environment?
For thousands of years, humans have modified the physical environment by clearing land for agriculture or damming streams to store and divert water. While these modifications directly impact the local environment, they also impact environments farther away due to the interconnectivity of Earth's systems.
What are similarities and differences between and among people?
To compare is to bring two or more things together (physically or in contemplation) and to examine them systematically, identifying similarities and differences among them. Comparison has a different meaning within each framework of study.
How are human needs met?
Income Assistance- Support income assistance programs, based on need, that provide decent, adequate standards for food, clothing and shelter.
Support Services- Provide essential support services.
Housing Supply.
What are the concepts of goods and services and the roles of producers and consumers?
Goods and services- Goods are items that are usually tangible, such as pens, physical books, salt, apples, and hats. Services are activities provided by other people, who include doctors, lawn care workers, dentists, barbers, waiters, or online servers, a digital book, a digital video game or a digital movie.
Producers and consumers- producers create a product and consumers use the product.
What is the purpose of earning, spending, and saving money?
Saving money is important because it helps protect you in the event of a financial emergency. Additionally, saving money can help you pay for large purchases, avoid debt, reduce your financial stress, leave a financial legacy, and provide you with a greater sense of financial freedom. Savings refers to the money that a person has left over after they subtract out their consumer spending from their disposable income over a given time period. Savings, therefore, represents a net surplus of funds for an individual or household after all expenses and obligations have been paid.
What is the concept of supply and demand?
Supply refers to the amount of goods that are available. Demand refers to how many people want those goods.
What are types of economies (e.g., command, market, etc.)?
Market- The government does not control vital resources, valuable goods or any other major segment of the economy. In this way, organizations run by the people, determine how the economy runs, how supply is generated, what demands are necessary, etc.
Command- a large part of the economic system is controlled by a centralized power; often, a federal government. This kind of economy tends to develop when a country finds itself in possession of a very large amount of valuable resource(s).
Traditional- These economies still produce products and services that are a direct result of their beliefs, customs, traditions, religions, etc.
Mixed- this system refers to the mixture of a market and command economy.
Democracy
A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them.
Autocracy
A system of government by one person with absolute power.
Oligarchy
A government ruled by a few powerful people.
Federalism
The division of power between a central government and constituent governments, called states in the United States.
Checks and balances
Refers to the constitutional arrangement of powers that prevents one branch of the government from becoming too powerful.
Separation of powers
Refers to the division of power among the three branches of the United States government.
The rule of law
The principle which holds that no person is above the law.
Role of Supreme Court justice
Is to interpret the constitutionality of laws. In Supreme Court decisions, the majority and dissenting opinions of the justices are based on their interpretations of the Constitution.
The Articles of Confederation
Were ratified in 1781 and established rules for how the newly created United States would govern.
Shays' Rebellion
Is often taught as a way to understand how the federal government under the Articles of Confederation was unable to finance a military force to address a violent insurrection in Massachusetts.
The Northwest Ordinance
Is often cited as a success of the Articles of Confederation in establishing a process to admit new territories to the union.
Secondary sources
Provide a layer of interpretation or analysis about a topic and can be used to develop a general understanding about a historical event and provide a general background about a historical event.
Taxation
Is a concurrent power, shared by both federal and state governments.
Opportunity cost
Refers to the true cost of making an economic decision.
A fifth-grade teacher is beginning a unit on the Industrial Revolution. What was an effect of the Industrial Revolution on the United States and why?
An increase in urbanization and immigration. New and efficient manufacturing techniques created opportunities for low-skilled workers to come to rapidly urbanizing areas.
A fourth-grade teacher plans a lesson to analyze the Pilgrims; voyage to the New World from England in search religious freedom in the seventeenth century. The teacher then incorporates an extension activity based on an article on current events to help students compare the Pilgrims with European immigrants leaving their countries in the 1800s for the better economic opportunities.
Demonstrating how themes from the past recur in modern times.
What learning activities best helps students understand the Founding Father's motivation for writing the Declaration of Independence and why?
Writing a letter to the principal expressing why they believe the new school uniform policy is unfair. Writing an opinion letter to the principal reflects the same motivation the Founding Fathers had in writing the Declaration of Independence.
After completing a unit on citizenship, a fifth-grade teacher asks students to design a community service project. What student project most accurately fulfills the end-of-unit assignment and why?
Collecting paper trash from neighbors to take to the local recycling plant. Helping neighbors with their trash by taking paper trash to a local recycling plant demonstrates responsible citizenship.
A first-grade teacher is introducing a unit on patriotism. The teacher makes ten stations around the room. Each station has a picture or artifact reflecting a patriotic symbol, custom, or celebration. Students are asked to visit each station and individually answer questions about each picture or artifact and turn in their answers to the teacher.
What best identifies the goal of the station activity and why?
Identifying misconceptions to develop appropriate future lessons. Through analyzing the student answer, the teacher will be able to focus on correcting misconceptions and not waste time on information that students already know.
A second-grade teacher asks students to explain how patriotic symbols and practices reinforce national identity for Americans.
What student response demonstrates a misconception that the teacher needs to address and why?
The Fourth of July celebration commemorates the surrender of the British army during the American Revolution. The Fourth of July celebration commemorates the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. The British army surrendered in 1781, and the Treaty of Paris, which recognized American independence, was not signed until 1783.
A fifth-grade teacher develops a lesson around the communitarian idea that societies must balance the rights and responsibilities of individuals with the common good.
What instructional tool is the best source to support the objective and why?
A video featuring the six essential elements of democracy. In order to understand that societies must balance the right and responsibilities of individuals with the common good, students must understand the essential elements of democracy, so showing the students a video of the six elements of democracy will help them learn the concepts.
A fourth-grade teacher is about to start a unit on the physical geography of her state. The content standard requires that students be able to explain changes in physical characteristics over time caused by both human and natural processes.
What should the teacher consider in her lesson planning to ensure students are able to understand the concept and why?
The use of essential questions that are related to the topic because to best capture students' attention, teachers ask essential questions related to the topic when planning lessons.
A teacher is creating a lesson for his fourth-grade class around the geographic theme of environment interaction, which deals with the ways in which geographic locations influence the lives and choices of the people who live in them. What learning objective best describes the teacher's understanding of the social studies concept of environment interaction and why?
Students will be able to construct a table describing how different physical features of influence architecture and economic activities of residents. The objective is most closely related to the theme of human-environment interaction because it links physical features of regions and how those features influence human activities.
What assignment would best allow a fifth-grade teacher to determine whether students fully understand push and pull factors and why?
Creating a storyboard for a documentary about the top reasons people migrate. Creating a storyboard will allow students to visualize and help them remember both push and pull factors for migration.
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