Functional Anatomy Exam 2 - Huan

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Which joint complex contributes the most to rotation in the cervical spine?
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Terms in this set (151)
Which joint complex contributes the most to rotation in the cervical spine?
Atlanta-axial joints
What range of motion do the alar ligaments primarily restrain?
axial rotation
What is the primary active motion of the atlanto-occipital joints?
flexion/extension
What is the smallest range of motion at C1/2?
lateral flexion
Which ligament is primarily responsible for limiting excessive anterior translation (linear motion) of C1 on C2 and therefore protecting the spinal cord from injury?
Transverse ligament
Which term best decribes the shape of the inferior articular surfaces of C1?
oval
The tectorial membrane is the cephalic continuation of which ligament?
PLL
Which upper cervical ligaments are primarily responsible for limiting excessive rotation between the occiput/C1 and C2?
alar ligaments
Which upper cervical ligament is invovled in the formation of a posterior ponticle?
posterior Atlanta-occipital membrane
Which ligament(s) attach(es) the odontoid process to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum?
alar ligaments
Which cervical spinous process is the largest and has the most prominent bifid configuration?C2Which structure articulates with the anterior tubercle of C1 to form the median atlantoaxial joint?dens of C2What term is used to describe a failure of osseous union of the right and left posterior arches of C1 resulting in lack of a posterior tubercle?spondyloschisisWhat approximate percentage of cervical rotation comes from the atlanto-axial joints exclusively?60%What is the predominant movement allowed at the atlanto-occipital joints?flexion and extensionWhich spinal nerve passes through the C7/T1 IVF?C8Which dorsal ramus is the greater occipital nerve?C2Which type of information is conveyed in a ventral ramus of a spinal nerve?motor and sensoryWhat term describes all the muscles that receive motor innervation from a singe spinal nerve or spinal level?myotomeWhich term describes the area of the skin innervated by a single spinal nerve or spinal cord level?dermatoneWhich spinal nerve level can be assessed by checking wrist extension strength?C6What is a unique adaptation of the annulus fibrosus of a cervical intervertebral disc?The anterior fibers of the annulus converge on a point at the anterior-inferior corner of the superior vertebra of the motion segment.What is the biomechanical advantage of the uncovertebral cleft in cervical intervertebral discs?It allows for more rotation around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the apophyseal joints.Which motion is coupled with left lateral bending of the lower cervical spine?left rotationWhat range of motion is largest in the lower cervical region?flexion and extensionWhat is the approximate angle of the lower cervical apophyseal joint planes relative to the axial plane when viewed from a lateral approach?45°Which ligament is a major restraint of craniocervical flexion?ligamentum nuchaeWhat is a unique adaptation of the annulus fibrosus of a cervical intervertebral disc?There is one lamella (or sometimes zero lamellae) of annulus along the posterior margin of the intervertebral disc.Which ligament is positioned to partially restrain lower cervical extension?ALLWhat joint forms the anteromedial boundary of the lower cervical intervertebral foramina?uncovertebral jointWhich cervical ligament reinforces the posterior aspect of the anulus fibrosus of the lower cervical intervertebral discs?PLLWhere are the uncinate processes located on a typical lower cervical vertebra?Posterolateral margin of the superior portion of the vertebral bodyWhich movement of the lower cervical spine INCREASES The dimensions of the intervertebral foramina?flexionOssification of which spinal ligament can produce stenosis of the cervical vertebral canal?PLLWhich ligament attaches to the external occipital protuberance and the C7 spinous process?ligamentum nuchaeWhat vertebral structures make up the superior and inferior boundaries of a lower cervcial intervertebral foramen?pediclesWhich structure is predominantly responsible for the formation and maintenance of the thoracic kyphosis?vertebral bodiesWhich range of motion is the largest in the thoracic region due to the orientation of the thoracic zygapophysial joints?rotationWhat is the predominant range of motion allowed by the T12/L1 zygapophyseal joints?flexionWhat is one explanation for the decreased range of motion for thoracic motion segments?the intervertebral discs are thinner in the thoracic regionWhich ligament fills the space between the anterior aspect of a thoracic transverse process and the neck of the adjacent rib?costotransverse ligamentWhen viewed from above, what is the approximate angle of orientation of the plane of the thoracic apophyseal joints relative to the coronal plane?10° lateralWhat is a feature of a typical thoracic vertebral body?superior and inferior costal-demi facetsWhich ligament attaches the crest of the head of the rib to the anulus fibrosis of the adjacent intervertebral disc?intra-articular ligamentWhich region of the thoracic spine has the most steeply inclined spinous processes?T5-T8Which type of rib motion allows the chest to expand in the A to P dimension?pump-handleWhich ligament attaches the head of a rib to two adjacent vertebral bodies?intra-articular ligamentWhat is the name of the ligament that attaches the non-articular portion of the rib tubercle to the transverse process?lateral costotransverse ligamentWhich tissues contribute to increased force closure of the sacroiliac joint?muscles ligaments fasciaWhat motion of the sacrum are the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments positioned to restrain?nutationWhich ligament is ideally positioned to limit gapping of the anterior sacroiliac joint surfaces?ventral sacroiliac ligamentWhich movement of the sacrum is the long posterior sacroiliac ligament positioned to limit or restrain?counternutationWhich ligament is ideally positioned to limit displacement between the posterior sacrum and the iliac tuberosity?posterior interosseous sacroiliac ligamentWhat movement of the sacrum is usually induced by vertically applied loads to the sacrum?nutationWhat is a function of the sacroiliac joints?Relieve torsional stresses placed on the pelvis when walking.What is the average amount of motion about any axis of the adult sacroiliac joint in an unloaded position?2°Which ligament attaches the lateral and intermediate sacral crests of the S3, S4, and S5 segments to the posterior superior iliac spine?long posterior sacroiliac ligamentWhich ligament is continuous with the long posterior sacroiliac ligament?sacrtotuberous ligamentWhich bony structure of the sacrum "interlocks" with the iliac ridge at the sacroiliac joint?sacral grooveWhat structure separates the greater sciatic foramen from the lesser sciatic foramen?sacrospinous ligamentWhich structure of the ilium is located posterior to the iliac auricular surface?iliac tuberosityWhich ligament attaches the middle sacral fossa to the iliac tuberosity?posterior interosseous sacroiliac ligamentWhere is the joint capsule of the sacroiliac joint located?deep to the anterior sacroiliac ligamentWhat does stenosis mean?narrowing of canalWhat is the biomechanical advantage of the uncovertebral cleft in cervical IVD?More rotation around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the apophyseal jointsWhat is spondyloshcisis?When the atlas fails to ossify/fuse to form the posterior tubercleWhat joints does the atlas form?Atlanto-occipital jointAtlantoaxial jointWhat part of the dens forms the diarthrodial trochoid (pivot) joint?anterior facetsaWhere is the groove for transverse band located on the axis?posterior aspect of densWhat sacral bony landmark is the lateral sacral masses of S1 that looks like angel wings?sacral alaWhat sacral bony landmark is the transverse lines between each fused vertebrae?linea transversariaWhat is the name of the articular tubercles of S5?sacral cornuaWhat covers the auricular surface?hyaline cartilageWhat is the interlocking complement of the sacral groove?iliac ridgeWhat is the interlocking complement of the alar tuberosity?sulcus for alar tuberosityWhat is the interlocking complement for the middle sacral fossa?iliac tuberostiyWhat is the interlocking complement for the sacral tuberosity?iliac sulcusWhere is the articular capsule?anterior surface of S1What is the function of the anterior sacroiliac liagment?prevents separation fo anterior jointsWhat ligament attaches at the iliac tuberosity to the sacral fossae?posterior interosseous sacroiliac ligamentWhat ligament attaches S1/2 to iliac crest/tuberosityshort posterior Is ligamnetWhat is the function of the short posterior sacroiliac ligament?Prevents separation (Stronger than the anterior one)What ligament attaches S3/4 to PSIS/iliac crest?Long posterior SI ligamentWhat ligament blends with the sacrotuberous ligament?Long posterior SI ligamentWhat is the purpose of the Long Posterior SI ligament?Prevents counternutationWhat ligament attaches from the posterior sacrum to the ischial tuberosity?Sacrotuberous ligamentWhat is the function of the sacrotuberous ligament?Prevents nutationWhat ligament attaches anterior sacrum to the ischial spine?sacrospinous ligamentWhat is the function of the sacrospinous ligament?prevents nutationWhat is nutation?Sacral base moves anteriorly OR Ilium moves posteriorlyWhat is counternutation?Sacral base moves posteriorlyWhat happens when a vertical force is placed on the sacrum?nutationHow many degrees can the sacrum move?Approx 0.2°which lower cervical is not bifid?C6Which lower cervical vertebra usually has the largest and most prominent anterior tubercles of the transverse process?C6Which cervical ligament reinforces the posterior aspect of the anulus fibrous of the lower cervical intervertebral discs?PLLWhich ligament attaches to the tips of the cervical spinous processes?nuchal ligamentWhat is the functional classification of the lower cervical zugapophysial joints?diarthroidal planarWhat is the functional classification of the uncovertebral joints of the lower cervical spine?diathrodial planarWhat is the general shape of the superior articular surfaces of C1 when viewed from above?Peanut-shapedwhat is the functional joint classification for the Atlanto-occipital joints?diarthroidal condyloidwhat is the joint classification of the lateral atlantoaxial joints?diarthrodial planarWHa tis the joint classification of the median atlantoaxial joint?Diarthrodial trochoid (pivot)What is the functional classification of the atlanto-occipital joints?diarthrodial condyloidWhich motion is coupled with right rotation of the lower cervical spine?right lateral flexionwhat is the action of the levator scapulae on the cervical spine when it contracts unilaterally with the scapula?laterally flex and rotate to the ipsilateral sidewhich muscle attaches the spinous process of C2 to the transverse process of C1?obliques capitis inferiorWhat is the inferior attachment of the anterior scalene muscle?scalene tubercle of the 1st ribwhich muscle contributes to extension of the head of neck?semispinalis capitiswhich motion is most likely produced when both the right and left longs Colli muscles contract?flexionwhich type of rib motion predominately occurs when there is an increase in side-to-side dimensions of the thoracic cage during breathing?bucket-handlewhat is one explanation for the decreased range of motion for thoracic motion segments?the intervertebral discs are thinner in the thoracic regionwhat is the name of the ligament that attaches the tip of the TP to the rib tubercle?lateral costotransverse ligamentWhich ligament fills space between the anterior aspect of a thoracic transverse process and the neck of the adjacent rib?costotransverse ligamentwhich range of motion is the largest in the thoracic region die to the orientation of the thoracic zygapophysial joint?rotationwhat is the functional joint classification of the costovertebral joints?diarthrodial planarhow many articular facets are present on the head of a typical rib?2what is a feature of a typical thoracic vertebra?Superior and inferior costal demi-facetsWhich part of the SIJ articular capsule has synovial lining?inner surfacewhich portion of the SIJ does not have a capsule?posterior portionWhich structure of the ilium articulates with the sacral groove at the SIJiliac ridgeWhich ligament is ideally positioned to limit gapping of the anterior SIJ surfaces?ventral sacroiliac ligamentwhich ligament is ideally positioned to limit displacement between the posterior sacrum and the iliac tuberosity?posterior interosseous sacroiliac ligamentWhich movement of the sacrum is the long posterior sacroiliac ligament positioned to limit to restrain?counternutationwhat is the average amount of motion about any axis of the adult sacroiliac joint is an unloaded portion?2°what motion of the sacrum are the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments positioned to restrain?nutationWhich ligament attaches the lateral intermediate sacral crests of the S3, S4, and S5 segments to the posterior superior iliac spine?long posterior sacroiliac ligamentwhere is the joint capsule of the sacroiliac joint located?deep to the anterior sacroiliac ligamentwhich type of cartilage covers the iliac auricular surface?fibrocartilage-like hyaline cartilagewhich joint complex contributes the most to rotation in the cervical spine?atalnto-axial jointswhich ligament is a major restraint of craniocervical flexion?ligamentum nuchaewhat is the smallest range of motion at C1/C2lateral flexionin which region of the cervical spine does the majority of sagittal plane motion (flexion/extension) occur/C2-C7 (lower cervical)which muscle contributes to rotation of the head and neck to the left?let splenius capitisWhich nerve provides the motor innervation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)Which muscle group attaches to the articular capsules of the zygapophyseal joints in the cervical spine?multifiduswhat is the superior attachment of the anterior scalene muscle?C3-C6 TPWhat is the major action of the semispinalis capitis muscle when they contract bilaterally?extensionWhich nerve provides motor innervation to the suboccipital muscles?Suboccipital nerveWhich ligaments attaches the odontoid process to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum?alar ligamentsWhich muscles attache to the anterior tubercles of the cervical TP?anterior scalene levator scapulaeWhich muscle attaches to the spinous process of C2?Semispinalis cervicisWhich region of the lower cervical anulus fibrosus is the thinnest (fewest number of lamellae)?posteriorWhich movement occurs in the lower cervical spine to help produce protraction of the head and neck?flexionWhat are the bony interlocking structure between sacrum and ilium?sacral groove middle sacral fossa sacral tuberosity alar tuberosityAttachment sites for posterior interosseous sacroiliac ligamentiliac tuberosity and surrounding area to the 3 sacral fossaeAttachment sites for long posterior sacroiliac ligamentconnects S3 and S4 to the PSIS and the inner lip of the iliac crestsAttachment sites for the short posterior sacroiliac ligamentconnects the sacral tubercles and articular process of S1and S2 to the iliac crest and iliac tuberosity. Binds ilium to the sacrum and prevents diastasis of the jointAttachment sites for the sacrotuberous ligament?posterior-inferior sacrum to ischial tuberosity (acts to limit nutation)Attachment sites for the scarospinous ligament?anterior surface of the sacrum to the ischial spine (act to limit nutation)What are some facts about the sacroiliac joint?1. Inherently stable 2. Designed for load transfer 3. Has about 0.2° in weight bearing joints