Abnormal Psychology Chapter 2 Exam

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The ______ coordinated movement with sensory input and contains parts of the reticular activating system.
A) Hindbrain
B) Midbrain
C) Cerebral cortex
D) Forebrain
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Terms in this set (30)
The ______ coordinated movement with sensory input and contains parts of the reticular activating system.
A) Hindbrain
B) Midbrain
C) Cerebral cortex
D) Forebrain
B) Midbrain
Rescorla (1988) demonstrated that simply pairing two events closely in time ______.
A) Demonstrates the simplicity of classical conditioning.
B) Does not allow us to make predictions.
C) Becomes more meaningful as the pairings continue.
D) Is not what's important in this type of learning.
D) Is not what's important in this type of learning.
The ability to plan, think, reason, and create is located in the part of the brain called the ______.
A) Thalamus
B) Midbrain
C) Cerebral cortex
D) Brain stem
C) Cerebral cortex
Your uncle spent most of his teen years in a hospital undergoing treatment for a severe physical illness. As an adult, he is rather shy and withdrawn, particularly around women. He has been diagnosed with social phobia, which you believe is entirely due to lack of socialization during his teen years. Your theory or model of what caused his phobia is ________
A) Multidimensional
B) Integrative
C) One-dimensional
D) Biological
C) One-dimensional
According to the diathesis-stress model, monozygotic twins raised in the same household will _______.
A) Not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their diathesis.
B) Have the same disorders because their diatheses and stress are exactly the same.
C) Not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their stress.
D) Have no more likelihood of sharing a disorder than any other two randomly selected individuals from the population.
A) Not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their stress.
For most people, verbal. And cognitive processes are usually controlled by the ______.
A) Left hemisphere of the cortex
B) Right hemisphere of the cortex
C) Entire cortex
D) Midbrain
A) Left hemisphere of the cortex
Insel, Scanlan, Champoux, and Soumi (1988) raised one group of rhesus monkeys with the ability to control things in their environment and another group of monkeys who had no control of their environment (e.g., when they would receive treats and toys). When injected with a drug that produces a feeling of severe anxiety, the monkeys _______.
A) raised with a sense of control appeared angry and aggressive while the monkeys raised without a sense of control appeared very anxious.
B) ​raised with a sense of control appeared anxious while the monkeys raised without a sense of control appeared angry and aggressive.
C) in both groups appeared anxious.
D) in both groups appeared angry and aggressive.
A) raised with a sense of control appeared angry and aggressive while the monkeys raised without a sense of control appeared very anxious.
In the diathesis-stress model, "diathesis" refers to
A) an inherited disorder.
B) conditions in the environment that can trigger a disorder depending upon how severe the stressors are.
C) an inherited tendency or condition that makes a person susceptible to developing a disorder.
D) the inheritance of multiple disorders
C) an inherited tendency or condition that makes a person susceptible to developing a disorder.
Inga is a charming and intelligent young lady who is well-liked by family and friends. Approximately ______ of Inga's enduring personality traits and cognitive abilities can be attributed to genetic influence.
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
B) 50%
The fact that a disorder can be caused by a variety of factors illustrates the principle of _______.
​A) equifinality
​B) isolation
​C) equilibration
D) isolation
A) equifinality
Learned helplessness is demonstrated in laboratory animals by _____. A) creating aversive stimuli (such as electrical shocks to the foot) that the animal can control B) creating aversive stimuli (such as electrical shocks to the foot) that the animal cannot control. C) creating pleasant stimuli (such as a food pellet) that the animal cannot control. D) creating pleasant stimuli (such as a food pellet) that the animal can control.B) creating aversive stimuli (such as electrical shocks to the foot) that the animal cannot control.John has inherited a personality trait that makes him more likely to keep to himself than to socialize. As a result, he does not have many friends and spends a lot of time alone. If John were to develop depression, the model that would probably best explain this situation and the cause of his depression is ________. A) diathesis-stress B) biological C) reciprocal gene-environment D) interpersonalC) reciprocal gene-environmentAccording to Eric Erickson, people _______ A) only experience major change in adulthood. B) are fully developed by age 50. C) ​experience eight typical developmental crises across time. D) experience no developmental changes after adolescence.C) ​experience eight typical developmental crises across time.Bullying studies in mice suggest that the functions of the mesolimbic system A) can be switched from avoidance to reinforcement. B) can be switched from reinforcement to avoidance. C) cannot be changed by experience. D) can only be changed with drugs.B) can be switched from reinforcement to avoidance.According to Seligman, if a person who is faced with considerable stress and difficulty in his/her life displays an optimistic, upbeat attitude, he/she is likely to function better psychologically and physically. He called this ​______. A) learned optimism B) ​learned helplessness C) learned awareness D) learned predictabilityA) learned optimismThe "evil eye," Latin American susto, and the Haitian phenomenon of voodoo death are currently viewed as examples of the _____. A) unsubstantiated myths that people can become ill without physical cause. B) power of the social environment on our physical and psychological health. C) power of the supernatural model of psychopathology. D) isolated cultural phenomena with little practical significance.B) power of the social environment on our physical and psychological health.It is important to understand the process of how learned helplessness is created in laboratory animals because learned helplessness in animals resembles the human disorder of _______. A) panic disorder B) depression C) mania D) schizophreniaB) depressionThe brain and the spinal cord comprise the ______. A) peripheral nervous system. B) somatic nervous system. C) parasympathetic nervous system. D) central nervous system.D) central nervous system.The neurotransmitter thought to regulate or moderate certain behavioral tendencies rather than directly influence specific patterns of behavior or psychological disorders is ______. A) norepinephrine B) GABA C) dopamine D) serotoninA norepinephrineDrugs that increase the activity of a neurotransmitter are called _____. A) agonists B) antagonists C) enhancers D) psychotropicsA) agonists​In a study conducted by Haber and Barchas (1983), monkeys were injected with amphetamine, a central nervous system stimulant. Comparison of the drug's effects on the dominant versus submissive monkeys demonstrated that the effects of brain chemicals such as drugs are _____. A) different for individual animals depending upon their place in the social hierarchy. B) the same for all animals regardless of their place in the social hierarchy. C) the same for all animals except for those with a biological predisposition for aggression. D) different for individual animals but the differences appear to be random.A) different for individual animals depending upon their place in the social hierarchy.Drugs often seem to work in a manner by reaching higher areas of the Cortez where thinking occurs last. This is called _____. A) consolidation B) confabulation C) top-down processing D) bottom-up processingD) bottom-up processingLooking at the findings of many cross-fostering studies (Francis et al., 1999, Suomi, 1999, Tienari et al., 1994) it appears that positive interventions such as good parenting in early life may ______. A) have little effect in terms of preventing psychopathology in those genetically predisposed to such conditions. B) dramatically change the genetics of individuals genetically predisposed to psychopathology. C) have a greater effect on future generations than on the individual exposed to the "good parenting." D) override the genetically influenced tendency to develop psychopathology in later life.D) override the genetically influenced tendency to develop psychopathology in later life.Regarding the research on socialization and health, the safest conclusion is that ______. A) social support is important but mostly for those individuals who are at high risk for various physical or psychological disorders. B) having a supportive group of people around us is important to our physical health but not our psychological well-being. C) having a supportive group of people around us is important to our psychological well-being but not our physical health. D) having a supportive group of people around us is one of the most important parts of maintaining our physical and mental health.D) having a supportive group of people around us is one of the most important parts of maintaining our physical and mental health.One conclusion that can be drawn from the studies regarding rat learning and brain structure (Greenough, et al., 1990; Wallace, et al., 1992) is that _____. A) early psychological experience affects the development of the nervous system and will absolutely determine whether or not the individual will develop a psychological disorder later in life. B) early psychological experience does not result in physical changes to the nervous system but can still influence whether or not one develops a psychological disorder. C) early psychological experience affects the development of the nervous system and influences vulnerability to psychological disorders later in life. D) early psychological experience has little to do with brain structure or later development of psychopathology.C) early psychological experience affects the development of the nervous system and influences vulnerability to psychological disorders later in life.Extremely low activity levels of serotonin are associated with ______. A) aggression, suicide, and impulsive behavior B) schizophrenia C) anxiety disorders and general feelings of nervousness D) maniaA) aggression, subside, and impulsive behaviorThe relationship between emotion and health is demonstrated by the fact that ______. A) panic is related to poor concentration B) people with chronic diseases are often angry about their care. C) those in poor physical health almost always develop psychological disorders. D) hostility and anger increase one's risk of hearth disease.D) hostility and anger increase one's risk of heart diseaseThe part of the brain stem that regulates vital activities such as heartbeat, breathing, and digestion is the _____. A) cerebellum B) reticular activating system (RAS) C) hindbrain D) thalamusC) hindbrainFor most people, perception and the creation of images are usually handled by the ______. A) left hemisphere of the cortex B) entire cortex C) midbrain D) right hemisphere of the cortexD) right hemisphere of the cortexYou and a friend are lost while walking on a street in a foreign city. A stranger approaches, and you are concerned that the stranger may try to mug you. Your friend assumes that the stranger is approaching to give you directions. As the stranger approaches, you experience fear, but your friend experiences relief. Your different emotional reactions can be explained by the______ theory of emotion. A) physiological B) neurological C) affective D) cognitiveD) cognitive