Cardiovascular Part 2

(blank) is an autoimmune response to a streptococcal infection causing rheumatic fever, leading to this condition. Causes myocarditis, pericarditis, cardiomyopathies, valvular dysfunction, and eventual heart failure. Inflammation causes rubbing, scarring, and valvular dysfunction. It mostly affects (blank), and is treated by (blank) replacement if they are damaged, and the best treatment is to prevent (blank) infection that can lead to rheumatic fever with (blank).
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Terms in this set (18)
(blank) is an autoimmune response to a streptococcal infection causing rheumatic fever, leading to this condition. Causes myocarditis, pericarditis, cardiomyopathies, valvular dysfunction, and eventual heart failure. Inflammation causes rubbing, scarring, and valvular dysfunction. It mostly affects (blank), and is treated by (blank) replacement if they are damaged, and the best treatment is to prevent (blank) infection that can lead to rheumatic fever with (blank).
Rheumatic Heart Disease, kids, valve, strep, antibiotics
(Blank) is the state in which the heart, via an abnormality of cardiac function, fails to pump blood at the rate that meets the body's demands, resulting in not enough oxygen reaching your tissues. Secondary disease to underlying condition that affects cardiomyocytes, lowering stroke volume. Heart (blank) by squeezing harder to make up, over time causing the heart cells to be overworked. They don't get enough oxygen, die off and causes the progressive worsening of the condition. Can be (blank) meaning the heart can't pump with enough force due to smaller and weaker muscles, or (blank) meaning a filling problem due to muscle enlargement causing less filling and less ejection. Can be left of right sided as well. If failure is on the (blank) side of the heart, blood will back up in the systemic circulation, causing congestion and (blank) in the body and especially the extremities (feet, legs, abdomen. If failure is on the (blank) side, cardiac output fails, and blood backs up to the pulmonary circulation. This is caused by left-ventricle infarction, hypertension, and aortic or mitral valve stenosis. Symptoms include fluid build up in the lungs (pulmonary congestion), causing orthopnea and blood-tinged sputum. Collective symptoms include (blank) or not enough oxygen, (blank) or blue-tint to skin, fluid build up, high BP, (blank) or a sign of chronic hypoxemia in the extremities, and (blank) cardiac output. Treated by removing (blank) to relieve pressure, and a combination of medications to relax blood vessels and (blank) BP. Improve (blank) and decrease strain on the heart.
Heart failure, compensates, systolic, diastolic, right, edema, left, hypoxia, cyanosis, clubbing, low, fluid, lower, blood flow
(blank) is a condition where blood supply or glucose has been cut off to tissues or has been dramatically reduced. Usually caused by (blank) to the cell, but can be a glucose issue in the case of insulin. Metabolic needs for cells aren't met, leading to tissue damage and death. Heart fails to pump, loss of blood volume, or vessels dilate. 3 stages: (blank) is when your body tries to adapt. Lots of blood lost, spleen assists. Sympathetic nervous system is activated, heart beats faster and lungs breath faster. Keeps patient stable, BP doesn't drop, but delayed (blank) can be seen due to blood supply being cut off to non-essential parts of the body so oxygen will be carried to the heart and the brain. (blank) is when the compensatory mechanisms fail, tissues become hypoxic, anaerobic metabolism, lactic acid, and metabolic acidosis. Lastly is (blank) where organ damage occurs.
shock, hypoxia, compensatory, capillary re-fill, progressive, irreversable
types of shock
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loss of body fluid. seen in massive tissue injury, causing bleeding or fluid leak with burns. (blank) is seen as a result. treated by replacing (blank) look for swelling and prioritize treatment to that area.
Hypovolemic, edema, fluid
chunk of the heart isn't working, almost always because of a myocardial infarction that has knocked out a good portion of heart tissue. (blank) side of the heart is affected, and blood can't be pumped to the body causing major congestion. Cough, cyanosis, and orthopnea. treatment includes medications to (blank) the heart's ability and (blank) clotting risk.
Cardiogenic, left, increase, reduce
caused by activation of the autonomic nervous system. increased (blank) activity and decreased (blank) activity. Reduced heart rate, vasodilation, pink color. vessel dilation causing lowering of blood pressure. seen with injury to the cervical spine. medication is given here to (blank) heart rate and give more squeeze to blood vessels
Neurogenic, parasympathetic, sympathetic, increase
massive histamine release or (blank) causing endothelial retraction of capillaries so things can leak out into tissues to treat infection/inflammation going on. Seen in (blank) where patients vasodilate with inflammation because of endotoxins released du to massive infections. treatment is to give (blank) and medication to give squeeze to peripheral circulation to (blank) blood pressure
low-resistance, anaphylaxis, sepsis, fluid, increase
(blank) is a disease of the heart muscles (blank), and cause a decrease of blood flow out of the heart.
Cardiomyopathy, myocardium
3 types of cardiomyopathies
...
in (blank) cardiomyopathy, there is a power failure. The pump is not as efficient, and decreased output is seen. Heart muscles dilate and thin. Treated by reducing blood volume and increasing contractility. Causes pulmonary congestiondilated(blank) cardiomyopathy is where only a small pump is seen. Same amount of blood as a healthy heart, but decreased flow due to smaller space to pump blood, decreasing flow. Body increases diastolic pressure in an effort to compensate, causing muscle walls become thick, creating smaller chamber to hold blood. Right sided heart failure and systemic congestion are seen here.restrictive(blank) cardiomyopathy is when a blockage is seen. It is the most common, and not only the ventricles bulk inside, but the septum of the heart also does, causing asymmetrical (blank) and blockage of the valves in the heart, decreasing flow. Causes angina and treatment may be surgical myectomy and percutaneous septal ablation.hypertrophic, hypertrophyfetal circulation problems...(blank) is when the pulmonary artery and the aorta are switched. This causes no oxygenated blood to go out to the blood, and all oxygenated blood stays on the left side of the heart. This makes the child (blank), meaning no real circulation is seen unless fetal shunts remain open. Symptoms include cyanosis, SOB, lack of appetite and poor weight gain. It is a (blank) disorder, as it affects oxygen in the body. Medications are given in an effort to keep fetal shunts open, and a hole can be made in the ventricles to promote mixing of oxygenated blood so that some makes it to the body. Open heart surgery is then needed.Transposition of the great vessels, ductus dependent, cyanotic(blank) is a condition that contains 4 heart defects: (blank) septal defect, (blank) stenosis that blocks normal blood flow to the lungs, (blank) ventricular hypertrophy, and (blank) aorta meaning it emerges from both ventricles. In this condition, blood is shunted from the (blank) side of the heart to the (blank) side. It is a (blank) condition because of low oxygen levels, and SOB and rapid breathing, poor weight gain, heart murmur and fatigue during feeding are seen here. Open-heart surgery are needed to correct the defects, or a temporary procedure that uses a shunt.Tetralogy of Fallot, ventricular, pulmonary, right, overriding, right, left, cyanotic(blank) defect is when the aorta is narrowed. Abnormalities of the aortic valve lead to narrowing and obstruction between the left ventricle and the aorta. (blank) blood pressure and bounding pulses in the arms are seen, but weak pressure in the legs. Causes CHF due to left sided failure from back up of blood and increased pressure. Thickening and narrowing of the valve between the left ventricle and the aorta, creating a smaller opening for blood and blocks flow from the heart to the systemic circulation. This is (blank) because oxygenated blood is seen. Treatment is aortic valve replacement with a mechanical valve or a biological tissue valve.Aortic stenosis, High, acyanotic(blank) is when there is a structural hole between the ventricles. Blood shunts from the (blank) side of the heart to the (blank) side. Most common congenital heart defect. When they are large, pressures become equal, and blood flows into the R ventricle due to systemic pressures, causing large amounts of blood flow into the pulmonary system. This causes (blank) sided CHF and murmur. This is a (blank) disorder because oxygenated blood is seen. Treated by putting a patch to cover the hole so that blood will no longer intermix.ventricular septal defect, left, right, right, acyanotic