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Chapter 6 SOCL120 OER with Workbook

Terms in this set (31)

Conformists
individuals who accept both the goals of society and the means to achieve those goals (Strain Theory)
Conformity
behavior and thoughts that are similar to those of the group or society as a whole
Conventional crime
a form of crime in which acts of violence or property offenses are committed
Corporate crime
crimes which are committed by major corporations
Crime
A form of deviance where an individual violates a law
Deviance
behavior that violates social norms and arouses negative social reactions
Differential association theory
deviance is learned by interacting with friends and family members who are deviant in their actions or who perceive deviance as acceptable
Differential justice theory
People with power use the legal system to secure their position at the top of society and to keep the powerless at the bottom. The poor and minorities are more likely, because of their lower status, to be arrested, convicted and imprisoned
Durkheim's theory on deviance
deviance is functional for society because it clarifies norms, increases conformity, strengthens social bonds and can lead to positive social change
Feminist theory on deviance
inequality against women, antiquated views about relations between the sexes and gender socialization result in violence against women and gender differences in crime rates
Formal social control
the means used to control behavior that violates formal norms
Informal social control
the means used to control behavior that violates informal norms
Innovators
individuals who accept the goals of society but use deviant means to achieve those goals (Strain Theory)
Labeling theory
deviance results from being labeled a deviant and treated as such
Mass Incarceration
the term used for the extremely high rate of incarceration in the U.S. that is markedly above historical and comparative rates of imprisonment
Negative Sanctions
a punishment given to an individual who deviates from social norms
Obedience to authority
he tendency to follow the commands of an individual seen to have authority
Positive Sanctions
a reward given to an individual who conforms to social norms
Rebellious
individuals who reject both the goals of society and the means to achieve those goals, and who work actively to bring about a new society with a new value system. (Strain Theory)
Relativity of deviance
whether a behavior is considered deviant depends on the circumstance in which the behavior occurs and not on the behavior itself.
Retreatists
individuals who reject both the goals of society and the means to achieve those goals, and who withdraw from society. (Strain Theory)
Ritualists
individuals who reject the goals of society but continue to conform to the norms of society, regardless. (Strain Theory)
Social control
the ways in which a society tries to prevent and sanction behavior that violates norms.
Social control theory
deviance results from weak bonds to conventional social institutions, such as families and schools.
Social disorganization
weakened social bonds and social institutions that make it difficult to socialize children properly and to monitor suspicious behavior.
Social ecology theory on deviance
community characteristics, such as high rates of poverty, dilapidation, population density and population turnover, result in higher rates of deviance.
Socialization
the process by which we learn our culture
Social Sanctions
the punishments and rewards given for conforming to or deviating from social norms
Strain theory of deviance
deviance results from the gap between the goals of a society and the ability of individuals to achieve those goals.
Victimless crime
illegal behavior in which people engage and in which there are no unwilling victims.
White-collar crime
a form of crime committed as part of one's occupation.
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