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Milady's Standard Nail Technology - Chapter 11 - Nail Product Chemistry Simplified

Terms in this set (49)

Why do nail technicians need to have an understanding of chemistry?
Everything is made up of chemicals. If we know the basics we may be able to troubleshoot some minor problems.
What are vapors and what substances form vapors?
Vapors are formed when liquids evaporate into the air. Any room temperature substance will cause vapors.
What are fumes?
Mixture of soot like particles and vapors
What is adhesion?
Force of nature causing 2 products to stick together
What substance will prevent proper adhesion?
Oils, waxes and soil
What is a primer?
Substance that improves adhesion
What type of benefits most from primers?
Oily
What are three types of primers?
Acid based, non-acid and acid free
Primers act like what?
Double sided tape
What kind of substance can cause visible and possibly permanent damage to the skin?
Corrosive
A _____________ temporarily removes surface moisture from the nail plate
Nail dehydrator
How often should nail enhancements be removed?
They are not designed to come off more than 1-2 times per year
Use primer __________
Sparingly
How will allergic reactions be caused by primer?
Over exposure to the skin or repeated exposure
What is the best thing to start with to ensure success when doing artificial nails?
Washing nail/scrubbing, get a dry surface and remove all surface oils
Not properly preparing the nail can cause what two things?
Nail enhancement product lifting and Nail Infection
After how long will moisture and oil return to the skin
30 minutes
What is the myth surrounding nail enhancements?
That you need to rough up the natural nail first
What is overfilling and what can it lead to?
When you file too much it can lead to lifting, breaking, free edge chipping, and free edge product separation
What is the best abrasive grit to use when filing the natural nail?
240
What are coatings and what are two different types of them.
Products that cover the nail plate with hardened film. Type 1- coatings that cure/polymerize. Type 2- Coatings that harden after evaporation
How many molecules need to react to make 1 sculptures nail?
Trillions
What are polymers?
Can be liquid or solid. Usually solid. Induce a chemical reaction called polymerization, also known as curing
What are monomers?
Molecules that make up polymers
What is the ingredient that will trigger the polymerization to start?
Initiator
How long will it be before the nail enhancement reaches it's full strength
Several days
What is a catalyst?
Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
What are oligmers?
Short chain of monomers that has had the growth of it's chain haulted before it became a polymer
What are oligmers similar to?
Microwave dinner, partially cooked.
What nail enhancements are made from simple polymer chains?
Wraps and tip adhesive
What are the three things that can break the simple polymer chain?
Sharp impact, heavy stress, nail polish, marker ink, food
What is a cross-link monomer?
A monomer that joins different polymers
What is a cross-link monomer similar to?
Rungs on a ladder
What on our body is made from crosslinking monomers?
Nail plates and hair
What nail enhancements are made from cross linkers?
Acrylics or Gel
What are the benefits to cross linking monomers?
Increased strength and more stain resistant
What kind of enhancements do methacrylate's make?
Acrylics
What kind of enhancements do acrylates make?
UV Gels
What kind of enhancements do cyanoacrylates make?
Wraps
How do base coats, top coats and nail polishes dry?
Evaporation
What are plasticizers?
Used to keep products flexible
What are UV stabilizers?
Control colour stability and prevent sunlight from causing discoloration
Are gels, acrylics, wraps or tips the best thing for your nails?
They are all equal
Why should you keep brush handles, containers and table tops clean and free of dust?
Repeatedly holding these materials will lead to over exposure of dust
All nail enhancements are made from __________ substances
Organic
What products are non-toxic?
All products on earth are toxic
When removing the enhancements and soaking the fingers in a bowl of acetone, why should you cover the bowl with a terry cloth towel?
Helps minimize acetone vapors
Why should acetone be kept away from flames?
Highly flammable
What is overexposure?
The principal that says over exposure determines toxicity. The idea that everything is toxic. Be careful what you repeatedly expose your skin to.
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