A teenage patient is using earphones to listen to hard rock music and is making gestures in rhythm to the music. The nurse assesses the amount of urine output in the Foley catheter and leaves the room. What communication technique is demonstrated in both situations?
a. Blocking
b. Filtration
c. Empathy
d. False assurance

B
Filtration is the unconscious exclusion of extraneous stimuli in communication.

In today's world of fast, effective communication, what is the most commonly used means of societal communication? a. Facial expression b. Spoken word c. Written messages d. Electronic messagingB Verbal communication, which involves talking and listening, is the most common form of interpersonal communication. An important clue to verbal communication is the tone or inflection with which words are spoken and the general attitude used when speaking.Which statement accurately describes communication? a. The components of communication are mutually exclusive. b. Communication is linear. c. Communication involves only the sender and the receiver; everything else is superficial. d. When the receiver becomes the sender, the subcomponent of communication that is in use is feedback.D Communication is a process that requires certain components, including a sender, a receiver, and a message. Effective communication is a dynamic process: With a response (feedback), the sender becomes the receiver, the receiver becomes the sender, and the message changes.A licensed practical nurse (LPN) has been practicing for 25 years on a unit where a newly graduated RN with a bachelor's degree is hired. Before the RN arrives on the unit, the LPN is heard saying, "She'll try to tell everyone what to do because she makes more money. She'll sit at the desk and let us do all the work." This is an example of what communication associated process? a. Interpretation b. Context c. Precipitating event d. Preconceived ideaD Preconceived ideas are conceptions, opinions, or thoughts that the receiver has developed before having an encounter. Such ideas can dramatically affect the receiver's acceptance and understanding of the message.A new mother is experiencing pain after delivering an infant with Down syndrome. The staff nurse states, "I don't think she is really hurting. Let the next shift give the pain medication." The team leader notices the staff nurse looks agitated and anxious and asks about any concerns in providing care to this new mom. The staff nurse admits having a stillborn infant with Down syndrome. This is an example of which component of communication? a. Personal perception b. Past experiences c. Filtration d. Preconceived ideaB With past experiences that include a variety of positive, neutral, and negative events, the influence that these experiences can and will have on communication may be positive, neutral, or negative. The importance of recognizing that any reaction from the receiver may be biased by previous experience cannot be overstated.A nurse gives phenytoin intravenously with lactated Ringer's solution containing multivitamins. The drug precipitates and obstructs the only existing line. When the team leader informs the nurse that these drugs cannot be mixed, the nurse states, "You've disliked me since I refused to switch my vacation time last month." Which type of logical fallacy has influenced the nurse? a. Ad hominem abusive b. Appeal to common practice c. Red herring d. Appeal to traditionC Red herring is the introduction of an irrelevant topic in order to divert attention away from the real issue.An RN is consistently late to work, causing reassignment of patient care and the need for repeated shift reports. The nurse, who receives a warning for repeated tardiness, states, "My husband left me, I have no car, no family close by, and the bus is always late, which makes me late. The nurse manager doesn't care how hard I try to get here, and I am raising a child by myself." The nurse is using which type of logical fallacy? a. Appeal to emotion b. Appeal to tradition c. Hasty generalization d. Confusing cause and effectA An appeal to emotion is an attempt to manipulate other people's emotions for the purpose of avoiding the real issue.Which nurse is demonstrating a common, productive conflict resolution style? a. The nurse who does not express feelings or ideas that conflict with those of the administration b. The nurse who states," If I cover for you this weekend will you cover for me the weekend before my vacation?" c. The nurse overheard saying, "There is no use fighting this; one solution is as good as another." d. The nurse who regularly insists they have the most insight into the problem being discussed.B Compromise occurs when people give up something to get partial goal attainment; such as in the scenario presented. The other options demonstrate avoidance, accommodation, and force as a conflict resolution technique.A male nurse hired to work in the emergency department is observed throwing a contaminated needle into the trash can. The team leader reprimands the nurse for not appropriately disposing of sharps. The nurse states, "You don't care that I threw the needle in the trash. You just want an all-female staff," putting the team leader in a defensive position. This communication technique is referred to by what term? a. Straw man b. Red herring c. Slippery slope d. Confusing cause and effectB A red herring is the introduction of an irrelevant topic for diverting attention away from the real issue.A nurse who was recently certified in chemotherapy administration fails to check compatibility of phenytoin before injecting into a continuous infusion of D5W leading to occlusion of the line. Which statement by the nurse demonstrates a red herring? a. The nurse is upset and states, "I am sure I have injected this before without a problem" and the supervisor interprets this to mean the nurse often take shortcuts. b. The nurse states, "You are just upset because I am certified in chemotherapy administration and you are not." c. "The nurse who started the IV didn't get a blood return but determined the IV was the patient's—that is the problem." d. "This drug always occludes the line because it is so viscous."B The nurse diverts attention away from the issue of not checking compatibility to introduce an irrelevant topic of chemotherapy administration certification which is not related to this situation.During a health history interview, the nurse listens to a patient relating the precipitating events that led to the onset of chest pain. She focuses her attention on the patient, makes eye contact, and acknowledges what the patient has to say. The nurse is exhibiting what communication technique? a. Assertive communication b. Active listening c. Empathy d. Passive communicationB In active listening a number of techniques can be used by the receiver to enhance the ability to listen; these include (1) providing undivided attention, (2) giving feedback (rephrasing), (3) making eye contact, (4) noting nonverbal messages (body language), and (5) finishing listening before one begins to speak.What situation demonstrates a nurse engaging in active listening? a. While assessing the patient's vital signs, the nurse records the data and states, "You are improving, your vital signs are normal." b. Eye contact is maintained while focusing on the patient as the patient describes the current pain level and location. c. The nurse states, "I know how you feel, I recently lost my father and I am still hurting." d. The nurse has cultural values that are in opposition to the patient but shares that "I agree with your decision to use herbs rather than the prescribed medications."B This behavior demonstrates active listening. A number of techniques can be used by the receiver to enhance the ability to listen; these include (1) providing undivided attention, (2) giving feedback (rephrasing), (3) making eye contact, (4) noting nonverbal messages (body language), and (5) finishing listening before one begins to speak.An older adult is unable to reach the telephone and is found dead at home several hours later. The son of the deceased person arrives at the hospital and asks, "Can I just please stay and hold my dad's hand? He was so afraid of dying alone." Which response by the nurse shows empathy? a. "Of course, you can. I'll let you know when the funeral home is here to transport his body." b. "It must be very hard to know he died alone." c. "I'll close the door so you can spend time with your dad. I will check back in a few minutes." d. "I lost my dad last year. He died alone. He was a policeman. I am just like you. Let me stay here and console you."C Empathy is demonstrated by the ability to mentally place oneself in another person's situation to better understand the person and to share the emotions or feelings of the person.A nurse is preparing an exercise program as part of a health promotion program for older adults with osteoporosis. Which question would retrieve the most valuable information about health practices? a. "Do you exercise?" b. "Do you like to exercise?" c. "When do you exercise?" d. "What exercise practices do you participate in?"D "What exercise practices do you participate in?" is an open-ended question or statement that requires more information than just yes or no. This type of question augments the gathering of enough facts to build a more complete picture of the circumstances.Which component of an e-mail shown below would be both effective and concise? a. Subject: A short concise subject line: Meeting. b. Body: I would like you to answer these questions before the next meeting: Where would you like to meet? Do you want all the staff to attend? Can we serve refreshments? What is one goal for our unit? c. Body: Dear Staff, As you know, each department must reduce staff by 2%. We will need to discuss how to inform unlicensed staff about the downsizing efforts of the hospital. d. Body: The next staff meeting is scheduled for Tuesday, January 19, at 5 PM in the first-floor auditorium. Please send items for the agenda. Sally Smith, MSN, RN, smith@hospital.org or ext. 5582.D This provides a message that is concise and accurate with a clearly conveyed message for the reader and contact information from the sender, all of which are important components of effective e-mail communication.When considering online communication etiquette, which nurse demonstrates a primary rule that should be adhered to by all? a. "My friend's wedding was lovely and anyone wanting to see pictures can view them on my website." b. "I'm not familiar with the details so I'm not going to get into the discuss of whose right or wrong." c. "My cousin's prom dress cost $3,000 and worth every penny her parents spent on it." d. "I got this information at the workshop I attended last month; I'm posting the power points for everyone to review."A Interactions online are guided by the same sense of decency that any other style of communication dictates. Certainly, don't fan the flame of conflict or anger. The other options are not respectful of privacy, or potentially copyright laws.A patient's spouse was just diagnosed with lung cancer although there was no history of tobacco use. The spouse states, "I am so mad. How can you get cancer without smoking?" Which statement by the nurse represents empathy? a. "Research is identifying many risk factors for cancer besides smoking." b. "I understand how you could feel angry about the diagnosis." c. "He is still a good husband." d. "Why do you think he got cancer?"B Empathy is feeling what the other person is feeling and seeing the situation as they see it; entails believing that the other person's feelings are valid, legitimate, and justified. The nurse is placing herself in the wife's position and sharing her emotions.A nurse wants to apply open communication to obtain a thorough history and to determine cognitive function. Which question represents the use of open communication? a. Is today Wednesday? b. Do you know what day it is? c. Tell me what day of the week today is. d. Do you know what the first day of the week is?C The patient must be able to name the day of the week rather than use answer yes or no.The nurse caring for a patient states, "Your blood pressure is dangerously high. Are you taking antihypertensive medicine?" The patient states, "I can't afford my medicine. I have no insurance." The nurse states "I feel really sorry for that patient. I wish it wasn't against policy to give her money." The nurse wants to help and places a note on Facebook that any donations would be appreciated to help a waitress who works at the cafeteria next door to the hospital buy her medications. The nurse posts that "She was so sick last evening when she came to the ED. I can't believe they don't provide insurance. I can't give her money but you all can help." This nurse's action has what possible outcome? a. Showing empathy and if she lets the patient know the money is not from her, she is not violating any social media guidelines. b. Increasing the risk for HIPAA violations c. No legal risk since she has properly followed policy and protected the patient by not using her name. d. The nurse is demonstrating the logical fallacy of slippery slope.B The National Council State Board of Nursing's policy on social media prohibits posting of patient information on social media sites. This patient could be identified by knowing where she works and the fact that she was seen in the ED the day before.A group of nurses are meeting to decide how to staff the upcoming holidays. Each of the four members freely expresses thoughts about fair staffing but is willing to listen to other thoughts and reconsider their first recommendations. The nurses are avoiding conflict and supporting professional communication through implementation of what communication technique? a. Empathy b. Positiveness c. Supportiveness d. AccommodationC Supportive communication occurs when each person's opinion/position is valued and each participant has the freedom to express a position but is willing to change that opinion/position.A nurse is asked to "float" to another area where the patients require total care. The nurse smiles, picks up her stethoscope, and says, "I'll come back and eat lunch with everyone here." When she enters the elevator she hits the wall and mutters, "Always me. Don't I have any rights"? The nurse is demonstrating which communication style? a. Assertive b. Aggressive c. Passive d. Passive-aggressiveD Passive-aggressive communication is represented by incongruent actions—the nurse shows friendly gestures by smiling and demonstrating she wants to have lunch with the staff on the original unit; however, she shows her anger by hitting the wall and muttering.A nurse is overhead saying, "I don't mind working during the election and holiday. My parents are divorced, money is tight, and honestly, I don't trust any politicians anyway. I plan to take a few weeks off next month." She works independently to research strategies to improve patient-centered care for the large number of immigrants that arrived in the area and then works with the team to share ideas. She recommends, "Let's think the suggestions over and come back together next week." This nurse's communication style is consistent with which generation? a. Baby Boomers b. Traditionalist c. Generation X d. MillenniumsC Generation X individuals grew up in when there was a high rate of divorces; they tend to be more cynical and value work-life balance and teamwork. Holidays are often associated with family gatherings which may have been absent in this generation's family; belief that ALL politicians are untrustworthy may be viewed as cynical. The need to take time to form suggestions to save time and come together to reach team decision are reflective of this generation.The healthiest form of communication is the ________ style.assertive Assertive communicators are honest and direct while valuing and respecting other individuals' views and seeking a win-win solution without the use of manipulation or game-playing.