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Midterm 2

Terms in this set (38)

According to the Huard et al. article, what cells play a key role in the muscle regeneration process and are located between the basal lamina and plasma membrane?
satelite cells
According to Huard et al., what is a motor unit?
the single nerve axon and all of the myofibers it contacts
According to Huard et al., what type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle force generated is larger than the resisting load?
concentric
According to Huard et al., what muscle response occurs when there is no visible relaxation between successive twitches?
tetanus
According to Huard et al., which muscle fiber type contains fast myofibers that are resistant to fatigue?
type 2A
Choose the answer that correctly describes the chronological order of the processes that occur after muscle is injured, as described by Huard et al.
degeneration (destruction), inflammation, repair, remodeling of scar-tissue
According to Jarvinen et al: "Muscle strain injuries," muscle injuries are often located where?
near the myotendinous junction of the superficial muscles that cross two joints
According to Jarvinen et al: "Muscle strain injuries," which degree/severity of muscle strain involves a tear of a few muscle fibers and minor swelling and discomfort with no or minimal loss of strength?
first degree (mild)
True or False: According to Jarvinen et al: "Muscle strain injuries," an intramuscular hematoma develops when the muscle fascia is ruptured and there is no significant increase in pressure within the muscle.
false
True or False: According to Jarvinen et al: "Muscle strain injuries," damage from a muscle strain is classified as a shearing injury, since the myofibers and mysial sheaths are torn.
true
True or False: According to Jarvinen et al: "Muscle strain injuries," regenerating muscle fibers fill the old basal lamina and completely cross the old wound space.
false
According to Jarvinen et al: "Muscle injuries: optimizing recovery," what is NOT a reason that a short period of immobilization following muscle injury is important?
Excessive scar tissue is allowed.
True or False: According to the Beiner and Jokl article, myositis ossificans traumatica is an uncommon condition that involves the growth of bone and cartilage in muscle, and typically occurs in proximal limb muscles.
true
According to Sharma and Maffulli (2006), which cellular elements make up 90-95% of tendons?
tenoblasts and tenocytes
True or False: According to Sharma and Maffulli (2006), oxygen consumption of tendon is 7x more than skeletal muscle, which allows tendon to heal quickly.
false
Fill in the Blanks: According to Sharma and Maffuli (2006), the loose layer of connective tissue that covers the whole tendon is called _____, and it extends deeply into the tendon to surround each tendon fiber as the _____.
epitenon, endotenon
True or False: According to Sharma and Maffuli (2006), synovial tendon sheaths are located in areas of the body that experience increased mechanical stress, such as the hands and feet.
true
According to Sharma and Maffuli (2005 & 2006), what is the benefit of the organization of the 4 zones of the osteotendinous junction?
-Helps to prevent tendon fraying
-Helps to prevent tendon shearing
-Helps to prevent tendon failure
(all of the above)
According to Sharma and Maffuli (2006), how far do blood vessels from the muscle extend into the tendon?
the proximal 1/3
According to Sharma and Maffuli (2006), which of the following is a mechanoreceptor that detects changes in pressure and tension, and is most numerous at the myotendinous junction?
golgi tendon organ
Fill in the Blank: According to Sharma and Maffuli (2006), microscopic failure of a tendon starts to occur at __% strain.
4
True or False: According to Sharma and Maffuli (2006), when tendinopathy is present, inflammatory lesions and granulation tissue are commonly seen in the tissue.
false
True or False: According to Sharma and Maffuli (2006), the most common histological finding in spontaneous rupture of tendon is degenerative tendinopathy.
true
What order of healing processes is described for tendon healing from an acute injury within the body of the text of the Sharma and Maffuli (2006) article? Big hint - pg. 185
inflammatory phase, remodeling, modeling
What order of healing processes is described for tendon healing from an acute injury within the body of the text of the Sharma and Maffuli (2005) article? Hint - pg. 192 (think skin phases)
inflammatory phase, proliferative phase, remodeling phase
According to Sharma and Maffuli (2005 and 2006), when does the maturation stage/substage occur during acute tendon healing?
10 weeks
Choose the statement that is NOT true regarding overuse tendinosis and/or overuse tendinitis, according to Khan et al (2000).
With a chronic presentation, overuse tendinosus typically takes 4-6 weeks for full recovery, while overuse tendinitis take 3-6 months.
True or False: Proteoglycans, elastin, glycoproteins and other proteins make up 75% of the dry weight of ligament, while collagen makes up the remaining 25%.
false
What collagen type makes up the majority of ligaments?
type 1
Choose one of the following that is NOT true regarding the arrangement of collagen fibers in ligament.
Collagen fibers assume a characteristic cross-linked pattern, which contributes to weakness of the tissue.
Which mechanoreceptors in ligament contribute to the ability of ligament to directly or indirectly modify the load on the ligament?
Pacinian corpuscles
Golgi tendon organs
Ruffini endings
(All of the above)
Which is NOT true regarding ligament scars in comparison to normal ligaments?
Ligament scars consist of aligned collagen that is mostly Type I.
Which statement is NOT true regarding the impact of remodeled ligament structure on its function following injury.
Remodeled ligaments are not at risk for permanent elongation because they return to their original length, although they are not able to load as quickly or as completely as normal ligaments.
True or False: Side effects of immobilizing a joint may include synovial adhesions, increased collagen degradation along with decreased collagen synthesis, and a greater proportion of disorganized collagen.
true
Choose the correct statement regarding the effect of mobilization and exercise on injured ligament.
Early return to activity facilitates a shift to more normalized levels of collagen content.
What is recommended regarding NSAID use following an injury to a ligament?
NSAIDS are no longer recommended for chronic ligament injuries.
True or False: Experts currently caution against the use of cortisone injections for ligament injuries, especially in athletes.
true
Choose the correct statement(s) regarding surgery for ligament injuries. Multiple answers are possible.
-Repair surgery involves either suturing the two ends together or using wire to attach it back to the bone while reconstructive surgery uses grafts or tendons from the host or donor to stabilize the joint.
-Reconstructive surgery is a more involved procedure.
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