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FRQ Terms

Terms in this set (26)

Self-actualization
according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential.
Physiological needs -
these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep. If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally.
Safety needs
a desire for freedom from illness or danger and for a secure, familiar, and predictable environment. Safety needs comprise the second level of Maslow's motivational hierarchy, after basic physiological needs.
love and belonging needs
a human emotional need for interpersonal relationships, affiliating, connectedness, and being part of a group
esteem needs
encompass confidence, strength, self-belief, personal and social acceptance, and respect from others.
self-transcendence needs
brings the individual what he termed "peak experiences" in which they transcend their own personal concerns and see from a higher perspective.
homeostasis
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
set point
the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
extrinsic motivation
completing a task or exhibiting a behavior because of outside causes such as avoiding punishment or receiving a reward
intristic motivation
doing an activity for its inherent satisfaction rather than for some separable consequence.
emotion work
the management of one's own feelings and the expression of those feelings in a way that enhances our relationship.
display rules
a social group or culture's informal norms about how to appropriately express emotions
primary emotions
those that occur as a direct result of encountering some kind of cue.
secondary emotions
emotional reactions we have to other emotions.
Reselience
the ability to mentally or emotionally cope with a crisis or to return to pre-crisis status quickly.
body language
nonverbal cues we consciously and unconsciously use to communicate.
id
a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.
ego
the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.
superego
the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations.
unconditional positive regard
according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person.
Conscientiousness
the propensity to follow socially prescribed norms for impulse control, to be goal directed, to plan, and to be able to delay gratification.
agreeableness
one of the five personality traits of the Big Five personality theory. A person with a high level of agreeableness in a personality test is usually warm, friendly, and tactful.
Neuroticism
the trait disposition to experience negative affects, including anger, anxiety, self‐consciousness, irritability, emotional instability, and depression
openness
one of the five personality traits of the Big Five personality theory. It indicates how open-minded a person is.
Extraversion
one of the five personality traits of the Big Five personality theory. It indicates how open-minded a person is.
self-serving bias
a readiness to perceive oneself favorably.
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