Biology 102 Test 1 Poll Everywhere Questions

Which of the following statements can be associated with the concept of the "unity of life"?
A. The amino acid sequences of cyotchrome c (an enzyme in mitochondria) in humans and chimpanzees differ by one amino acid
B. If the gene for human insulin is inserted into bacteria, the bacteria can make human insulin.
C. Medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) have beaks that are similar in shape but smaller than those of large ground finches (Geospiza magnirostris).
D. The basic forelimb structure of horses and moles is similar.
E. Scientists interested in curing human cancer may study cell division in yeasts.
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Which of the following statements can be associated with the concept of the "unity of life"?
A. The amino acid sequences of cyotchrome c (an enzyme in mitochondria) in humans and chimpanzees differ by one amino acid
B. If the gene for human insulin is inserted into bacteria, the bacteria can make human insulin.
C. Medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) have beaks that are similar in shape but smaller than those of large ground finches (Geospiza magnirostris).
D. The basic forelimb structure of horses and moles is similar.
E. Scientists interested in curing human cancer may study cell division in yeasts.
B, D and E
Which of the following statements can be associated with the concept of the "diversity of life"?
A. The amino acid sequences of cytochrome c (an enzyme in mitochondria) in humans and chimpanzees differ by one amino acid.
B. If the gene for human insulin is inserted into bacteria, the bacteria can make human insulin.
C. Medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) have beaks that are similar in shape but smaller than those of large ground finches (Geospiza magnirostris).
D. The basic forelimb structure of horses and moles is similar.
E. Scientists interested in curing human cancer may study cell division in yeasts.
C
Using the Galápagos finches example from the book, which of the following best explains the Darwinian reason why the insect-eating finch has such a long, narrow beak?
A. Variation existed in the finch population. Those that naturally had longer, narrower beaks could reach their food more easily, allowing finches with these features to survive and reproduce more often than those that did not.
B. Every day, finches who needed to eat insects would squeeze their beaks into tiny holes to reach insects, eventually changing the shape of their beaks; this shape was then passed on to future generations.
C. Those with longer, narrower beaks carried the dominant gene for that trait, causing it to become more prevalent.
A
You discover fish living in a cave with no natural light. The fish have no eyes, but they do have eye sockets. Using a Darwinian thought process, which of the following would be the reason for this?
A. The fish were in a dark environment and therefore didn't need eyes. Over time, they used their developmental energy for other more useful features, so because they didn't use their eyes, they lost them.
B. The fish never had eyes but are slowly evolving to have them because they might need them in the future.
C. Originally, all fish in the population had eyes and could see. However, in the dark, there was no longer selection for sight, and eyes were eventually lost due to random mutations.
C
MRSA infections are occurring at alarming rates. One reason for this could be that people do not finish their antibiotics. Which of the following is the most likely reason that this could lead to something like MRSA?
A. Antibiotics take some time to start working, giving the bacteria time to mount defenses against the antibiotics over a few days.
B. Because antibiotics are often taken when there is no bacterial infection, the antibiotics aren't using their medicinal/antibacterial properties and are losing them.
C. The first few days of antibiotics kill off the susceptible bacteria, making people feel better. Then, when people stop taking the antibiotics, the resistant bacteria that survived reproduce to create a more resistant population.
C
Artificial selection was a very important factor in the development of Darwin's ideas on natural selection. In which of the following respects is artificial selection distinct from natural selection?
A. Artificial selection does not require heritable variation.
B. Artificial selection does not result in evolutionary change.
C. Artificial selection does not rely exclusively on the environment to determine relative survival and reproduction rates.
D. Artificial selection does not result in an increase in favorable characteristics.
C
Which of the following evolutionary mechanisms consistently increases the amount of genetic variation in a population?
A. genetic drift
B. mutation
C. sexual selection
D. directional natural selection
E. stabilizing natural selection
B
Red short-horned cattle are homozygous for the red allele, white cattle are homozygous for the white allele, and roan cattle are heterozygotes. Population A consists of 36% red, 16% white, and 48% roan cattle. What are the allele frequencies?
A. red = 0.36, white = 0.16
B. red = 0.5, white = 0.5
C. red = 0.6, white = 0.4
D. Allele frequencies cannot be determined unless the population is in equilibrium.
C
A high proportion of the cats on Key West have extra toes (polydactyly). What is the most likely explanation?
A. high rate of mutation
B. founder effect
C. bottleneck effect
D. directional selection for extra toes
B
When delineating species, to what types of organisms can we NOT apply the biological species concept?
Asexual organisms
The biological species concept relies on a disruption of which aspect of population genetics? A. mutation B. selection C. gene flow D. genetic drift E. all of the aboveCThe cichlid Cynotilapia afra, introduced at West Thumbi Island in Lake Malawi in the 1960s, has split into two genetically distinct populations, located at the north and south ends of the island. How can scientists determine whether these populations are A. See whether the two populations are morphologically different from each other: coloring, bone structure, and so on. B. Determine whether captured individuals from the two different populations will mate and produce offspring in a laboratory fish tank. C. Determine whether individuals from one population will interbreed with individuals from the other population when introduced into each other's native habitats.CThe rutabaga is an allopolyploid species that originated in northeastern Europe as a cross between its two "parent" species: cabbage , with a 2n = 18 karyotype, and turnip, with a 2n = 20 karyotype. How many chromosomes should rutabaga have? A. either 18 or 20 B. 19 C. 38 D. 76CImagine a hybrid zone between two sister species that occasionally interbreed. Which of the following is a likely consequence of the hybrid zone? A. The hybrid forms a new species, reproductively separate from the original two species. B. The hybrid is less fit, reinforcing the separation of the two original species. C. The hybrid continues to mate with both original species, leading to fusion of the two original species. D. The hybrid survives and continues to be produced, forming a stable hybrid zone along with the two original species. E. All of the above could occur.EThe century cactus flowers every 100 years. A similar cactus flowers every 50 years. If the 50-year cactus pollen has the correct characteristics to fertilize the century cactus, which reproductive barrier will most likely be working against that possibility? A. behavioral isolation B. gametic isolation C. habitat isolation D. temporal isolationDSeveral species of amphibians are able to understand and respond to each other's mating rituals, tend to be fertile at the same time, and are usually similar in size. However, when they attempt to mate, they never produce offspring. Which of the following reproductive barrier will most likely be working against that possibility? A. behavioral isolation B. gametic isolation C. reduced hybrid fertility D. hybrid breakdownBYou spot a sea snake while you are in a boat on the Atlantic Ocean and remark about how similar it looks to a snake that lives in Arizona. However, you know that they are most likely separate species due to which of the following reproductive barriers? A. behavioral isolation B. gametic isolation C. habitat isolation D. temporal isolationCSnails with right-hand shells cannot physically mate with left-hand shell snails. Which is the best hypothesis for an isolating barrier between right- and left-handed Euhadra species? A. geographical isolation B. temporal isolation C. behavioral isolation D. mechanical isolation E. gametic isolationDGorillas and chimpanzees overlap considerably in their ranges and are known to interact, yet there are no known examples of viable offspring of the two species. Which of the following reproductive barriers cannot account for their being separate species? A. habitat isolation B. behavioral isolation C. gametic isolation D. reduced hybrid viabilityAYou discover two tree species that each have thorns to protect them from herbivores, but they are in different classes of plants, and many nonthorny plants are between them on the tree of life. What has happened? A. descent from a common, thorny ancestor B. convergent evolution C. horizontal transfer of the thorny gene D. hybridizationBHair on mammals when compared to other vertebrates is an example of a A. shared derived character B. shared ancestral character C. paraphyletic character D. polyphyletic characterAWhich of the following broad taxonomic groups is not one of the three domains of life? A. Bacteria B. Archaea C. Plantae D. EukaryaCProkaryotes lack some parts found in eukaryotic cells, including which item? A. a nuclear membrane B. DNA C. one or more chromosomes D. a plasma membrane E. all the aboveAPhotosynthetic eukaryotes contain both mitochondria and chloroplasts. Which sequence most likely describes the evolution of this group? A. Ancestral anaerobic prokaryote engulfs heterotrophic prokaryote and then engulfs photosynthetic prokaryote. B. Ancestral anaerobic prokaryote engulfs photosynthetic prokaryote and then engulfs heterotrophic prokaryote C. Both sequences are equally likely.AIf the mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells resulted from endosymbiosis, what features might we expect these organelles to contain? A. a plasma membrane, DNA, and ribosomes B. a plasma membrane, nucleus, and ribosomes C. nucleus, DNA, and ribosomes D. a plasma membrane, nucleus, and cilia E. nucleus, ribosomes, and ciliaAWhich of the following is not a region, cavity, or opening that is found within the body of a sponge? A. spongocoel B. osculum C. mesohylCWhich statement about arthropods would lose points on an exam? A. Arthropods have an open circulatory system. B. Arthropods have well-developed sensory organs. C. Arthropod bodies are completely covered by a cuticle. D. Terrestrial arthropods have internal structures specialized for gas exchange. E. Most arthropod sensory organs are concentrated at the posterior end.EHow many species of arthropods have been described by scientists? A. Over a billion, a million of which are insects. B. 1 billion, a thousand of which are insects C. 1 million, 90% of which are insects D. 1 million, a thousand of which are insects E. less than 1 millionCHow can we distinguish millipedes and centipedes from each other? A. Millipedes eat decaying leaves and plant matter; centipedes are carnivores. B. Millipedes have many legs, with two pairs per trunk segment; centipedes have one pair of legs per trunk segment. C. Only centipedes have venom that paralyzes prey and aids in defense. D. All of the above. E. None of the above.D