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ap psych exam tri 2 vocab

Terms in this set (43)

Echoic Memory
stores information from the sounds you hear
Mnemonic device
memory technique that can help increase your ability to recall and retain information (PEMDAS)
Working memory
cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily
Fluid intelligence
ability to think abstractly, reason quickly, and problem solve independent of any previously acquired knowledge
Conservation
understanding that something stays the same in quantity even though its appearance changes
Reversibility
mental operation that reverses a sequence of events or restores a changed state of affairs to the original condition
Reliability
consistency of a research study or measuring test
Validity
extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure
Object Permanance
understanding that items and people still exist even when you can't see or hear them
Summarize Harry Harlow's experiment and its outcome
monkeys chose inanimate mothers in need of security, showed significance of contact comfort
Authoritarian parenting
extremely strict parenting
Permissive parenting
low demands with high response, few rules
authoritative parenting
high responsiveness, high demands, responsive to emotions while having rules
neglectful parenting
lack of responsiveness to child's needs
Proactive interference
tendency of previously learned material to hinder current learning
retroactive interference
occurs when you forget a previously learnt task due to the learning of a new task
Confirmation bias
tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values
Misinformation effect
memory for past events is altered after exposure to misleading information
Semantics
how meaning is stored in the mind
rosy retrospection
our tendency to recall the past more fondly than the present, all else being equal
Framing
bias where people decide on options based on whether the options are presented with positive or negative connotations
the representativeness heuristic
mental shortcut that we use when estimating probabilities
Chunking
a process by which individual pieces of an information set are broken down and then grouped together in a meaningful whole
homeostasis
psychological and physiological balance
Misattribution of arousal
the process where people make a mistake in assuming what is causing them to feel aroused
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs
Persona
social face the individual presented to the world
Thematic Apperception Test
type of projective test that involves describing ambiguous scenes
Freud's first psychosexual stage
oral: birth-1 year, erogenous zone: mouth
Freud's second psychosexual stage
anal: 1-3 years, erogenous zone: bowel and bladder control
Freud's third psychosexual stage
phallic: 3-6 years, erogenous zone: genitals
Freud's fourth psychosexual stage
Labent: 6-puberty, same sex friends, athletics
Freud's fifth psychosexual stage
genital: puberty-death, mature sexual interest
Imprinting
any kind of phase-sensitive learning that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behavior
Maturation
the process of becoming mature overall, both psychological and behavriorally
Self-concept
a collection of beliefs about oneself
Yerkes-Dodson law
performance increases with physiological or mental arousal (stress) but only up to a point
Extrinsic motivation
completing a task or exhibiting a behavior because of outside causes
Intrinsic motivation
doing of an activity for its inherent satisfaction rather than for some separable consequence
Mood-congruent memory
happy people will better remember happy than sad materials, whereas sad people will better remember sad than happy materials
Functional fixedness
inability to realize that something known to have a particular use may also be used to perform other functions
motivation
the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.
Cannon-Bard theory
lower part of the brain, also called the thalamus, controls your experience of emotion
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