good oyo ch 8

Term
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designate the following ecological factors as biotic or abiotic: rainfall, plankton concentration, temperature, species population, dissolved oxygen.
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Terms in this set (12)
designate the following ecological factors as biotic or abiotic: rainfall, plankton concentration, temperature, species population, dissolved oxygen.
biotic is living, abiotic is nonliving.rainfall, temperature and dissolved oxygen are abiotic.species population and plankton concentration are biotic.
when studying populations, scientists often discuss the reproduction rate necessary for a population to remain unchanged. for example, in order for the human population to remain unchanged year to year, each woman on the planet must have an average of 2.0-2.2 children. postulate why this average would result in a constant human population.
the woman must have enough children to replace her and their father when they die, and a fraction of the women and men who didn't have babies.
an aquarium owner decides to get rid of his aquarium and releases a few non-native sea urchins into the ocean nearby. many years later, a scientist studying that area notices that the population of native sea urchins has drastically decreased. assuming there have been no other significant changes to the area, what may have occurred? was this most likely due to the intraspecific or interspecific competition?
the aquarium urchins were probably more successful at surviving in their new habitat. this is called interspecific competition.
8.4 A certain area of the beach has been known for encounters between sharks and humans. Some people suggest killing off the shark population to prevent any future encountered. If they do this, what might be some other results of this action?
The sharks prey would probably increase in population.
barnacles can be found growing on many surfaces in marine ecosystems. they even grow on other organisms, such as scallops and crabs. suppose marine biologists do a long-term study of a marine ecosystem. at first, there are few if any barnacles attached to the crabs. however, over a period of several years, the population of barnacles slowly increases, and as time goes on, more and more start attaching themselves to the crabs. over this whole time, the population of crabs stays the same. only the barnacle population increases. would the relationship between the crabs and barnacles most likely be an example of parasitism, commensalism, or mutualism?
commensalism.
8.6 Name the trophic levels in the following food chain: phytoplankton are eaten by krill, which are eaten by a baleen whale.
Phytoplankton are in the producer level. The krill are the primary consumers. The baleen whales are the secondary consumers.
8.7 Name the trophic levels in the following food chain: macroalgae are eaten by wrasse fish, which are eaten by grouper, which are eaten by a shark. By the time the energy has traveled through this chain, has more of less energy been lost in this scenario than the energy loss at the top of of the food chain in question 8.6?
Macroalgae are in the producer level. Wrasse are in the primary consumer. Grouper is the secondary consumer. Shark is the tertiary consumer. The energy loss is greater.
8.8 A scientist measured the phytoplankton concentration in 2 ecosystems. One has a much higher concentration of phytoplankton than the other. Does this mean it has a higher productivity as well?
It depends on the measured primary productivity in each area.
8.9 Two ecosystems are being compared in a light and dark bottle experiment. At the end of the experiment in the first area, the light bottle at a depth of 10 meters had 5.1 milligrams of oxygen in it while the dark bottle had 2.2 milligrams in it. At the end of the experiment in the second area the light bottle at a depth of 10 meters had 4.5 milligrams of oxygen in it while the dark bottle bad 1.1 milligrams in it. Which area has the higher net productivity?
The second area has a higher net productivity.
8.10 What is the one important difference between the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle?
In nitrogen cycle, nitrogen isn't useable until fixed, but in carbon cycle the carbon dioxide is able to be used by most organisms.
8.11 For the following organisms determine whether they spend most of their time in the intertidal zone, the inner shelf, the outer shelf and the bathyal zone, or the abyssal zone: A. Deep-water sharks like the megamouth shark B. Birds that forage the shore for food C. Sponges that harbor photosynthetic algae D. Autotrophic bacteria that do not use photosynthesis but use chemicals found in sedimentsA. Outer shelf and bathyal zone B. Intertidal zone C. Inner shelf D. Abyssal zone8.12 Classify the following organisms as either benthic or pelagic: sea urchin, yellowjack fish, porpoise, coral, diatom, sting ray, jellyfish. Of the pelagic organisms which are members of the plankton and which are members of the nekton?The benthic organisms are sea urchin, coral, and stingray. The pelagic are yellowjack fish and porpoise (nekton) diatom and jellyfish (plankton)