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Ch 29 & 30: Plant Diversity

Terms in this set (37)

Alternation of generations, multicellular, dependent embryos, walled spores produced in sporangia, multicellular gametangia, apical meristems
What are the five key traits present in nearly all plants but not in charophytes?
Plants alternate between two multicellular generations, a reproductive cycle called _____ __ ________
alternation of generations
The ________ generations is haploid and produces haploid gametes by mitosis
Gametophyte
Fusion of a sperm and egg gives rise to the diploid ______, which produces haploid spores by meiosis
Sporophyte
Plants are called __________ because of the dependency of the embryo on the parent
embryophytes
The sporophyte produces spores in organs called ______
Sporangia
Gametes are produced within Jordan's called ________
Gametangia
Plants sustain continual growth in length by repeated cell division within the _______ _______
apical meristems
_________, symbiotic associations between fungi and plants, may have helped plants without true roots obtain nutrients
Mycorrhizae
Most plants have _____ ______, cells jointed into tubes for the transport of water and nutrients
Vascular tissue
What does it mean when we say bryophytes do not form a monophyletic group?
They are nonvascular plants, its a clade
A ______ is an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat
Seed
_______ anchor gametophytes to substrate
rhizoids
What are the characteristics of vascular plants?
Life cycles with dominant sporophytes, vascular tissues called xylem and phloem, well developed roots and leaves, spore-bearing leaves can sporophylls
What does gymnosperm mean?
naked seed
What are angiosperms?
Angio _ vessel, sperm = seed
What is a flower?
The flower us an angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction
What is a fruit?
A fruit is formed when the ovary thickens and matures
What are monocots?
One cotlyedon
What are eudicots?
Two cotlyedons
Which of the following could occur only after plants moved from the oceans to land?
Animals could also move onto land because there were opportunities for new food sources.
The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably ____
green algae
Why have biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit?
The ancestors of land plants, green algae, lacked the structural support to stand erect in air.
Spores and seeds have basically the same function—dispersal—but are vastly different because spores ________.
are unicellular; seeds are not
You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it ________.
Is surrounded by a cuticle
Which of the following statements about stomata is accurate?
Stomata are important in terrestrial plants because they allow CO2 to diffuse into the plant
Grades, as opposed to clade,________
Represent groups with similar traits
Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue,
what do they all have in common?
They require water for reproduction.
Which of these are spore-producing structures?
Sporophyte (capsule) of a moss
Which of the following features of how seedless land plants get sperm to egg are the same as for some of their algal ancestors?
Flagellated sperm swim to the eggs in a water drop
The evolution of a vascular system in plants allowed which of the following to occur?
increased height, improved competition for light, and increased spore dispersal distance such
If you walk through an area with mosses and ferns, you are seeing ________.
Both sporophyte and gametophytes generations
Which of the following is a major trend in land plant evolution?
the trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle
The advantages of seeds, compared to spores, include ________
containing a nutrient store for a developing sporophyte
The agouti is most directly involved with the Brazil nut tree's dispersal of ________.
Sporophyte embryos
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. How many chromosomes should be in the nucleus of an egg within the embryo sac prior to fertilization?
8
Robbie and Saurab are pre-med and pre-pharmacy students, respectively. They complain to their biology professor that they should not have to study plants because plants have little relevance to their chosen professions. Which of the following statements are correct with regard to what physicians and pharmacists need to know about plants?
Land plants produce poisons and medicines.
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