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The BRAIN

Terms in this set (44)

cerebral cortex
Layer of grey matter on the outside of the Cerebrum.

Primary Cortex: Basic motor and sensory functions.

Associative Cortex: Associates different types of information to do more complex processing and functions.
prefrontal cortex
Located at the front of the brain, behind the forehead. It is part of the Cerebral Cortex. Associated with "cerebral" activities. Ex: If your instinct is to attack someone, your prefrontal cortex will think about it and tell you to walk away.
frontal lobe
Reasoning, planning, speech production (Broca's Area), movement, emotions, and problem solving.
temporal lobe
Perception of auditory stimuli, memory, and language comprehension (Wernicke's Area).
parietal lobe
Movement, orientation, proprioception, recognition and perception of stimuli.
occipital lobe
visual processing
left hemisphere of brain -- functions
Language, logic, math and science, analytic thought, written, right-hand control.
right hemisphere of brain -- functions
Creativity, 3-D forms, imagination, intuition, art & music, left-hand control.
left hemisphere of brain -- emotions
Positive emotions, more sociable, joyful, enthusiastic.
right hemisphere of brain -- emotions
Negative emotions, socially isolated, fearful, avoidant, depressed.
function of cerebrum
higher brain function such as thought and action
what are the parts of the cerebrum
cerebral cortex, prefrontal cortex, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe

right and left hemispheres
cerebellum function
Motor control. Regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance. The cerebellum does not initiate movement, it helps control and smooth out the movement.
what does the cerebellum control
movement, speech, damage
movement control of the cerebellum
The cerebellum receives a motor plan from the Cerebrum and compares it to position sense information from Somatosensory Neurons. It then determines if corrections are necessary. If needed, the cerebellum will tell the cerebrum to adjust the mvmt.
speech control of the cerebellum
Cerebellum coordinates the mouth muscles that produce speech.
damage in the cerebellum
Damage to the cerebellum produces disorders in fine movement, equilibrium, posture, and motor learning. The damage could also impair speech enunciation or eye movement.
where is the limbic system
it sits on top of the brain stem
what are the parts of the limbic system
hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus
hypothalamus
"Below the thalamus". Regulates the autonomic nervous system
via the endocrine system.

The four Fs. = fight, flight, feed, fornication
amygdala
Aggression center. Fear and anxiety. Stimulation causes more fear & anxiety. Damage causes mellow mood, and less fear; hypersexualtiy, disinhibition.

Kluver-Busy Syndrome is the destruction of the amygdala.
thalamus
sensory relay station
hippocampus
Converts STM --> LTM. If damaged, new memories fail to form.
what does the brain stem do
connects all parts of the nervous system together, including cranial nerves
what are the parts of the brain stem
pons, reticular formation, medulla, long tracts
pons
Regulates waking and relaxing
reticular formation
Alertness and motivation. Controls autonomic functions such as circulation, respiration and digestion. Also plays a role in higher cognition functions.
medulla
Regulates the autonomic activity of the heart and lungs.
long tracts
Collections of axons connecting the cerebrum to the spinal cord, passing through the brainstem. Upper motor neurons signaling down and somatosensory long tracts signaling up.
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
executive and logic
olfactory bulb
smell
lateral orbitofrontal
appropriate social / emotional response
hypothalamus
the 4 F's
amygdala
basic emotions
entorhinal complex
memory
limbic system
instincts and mood
hippocampus
memory
brain stem
body basics
cerebellum
coordinate movement
temporal lobe
language
occipital lobe
vision
parietal lobe
touch and movement
frontal lobe
planning
anterior cingulate
motivation
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