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PSY Final Exam Study Guide

Terms in this set (72)

Physical symptoms in the earliest stage of the general adaptation syndrome are similar to those during
a.any disease or trauma.
Correct
b.hypnosis.
c.sensory deprivation.
d.a psychotic break.
A. any disease or trauma.
The habitual redirection of aggression to some person or group is called
a.circumvention.
b.projection.
c.scapegoating.
d.sublimation.
c. scapegoating.
In the human growth sequence, an extremely variable period that is characterized by marked physiological and psychological deterioration is known as
a.the neonatal period.
b.the germinal period.
c.pubescence.
d.senescence.
d.
senescence.
You must make a decision to return to school or to keep the good job you have. You cannot do both. This situation fits the concept of a.frustration.
b.conflict.
c.pressure.
d.an obstacle.
b. conflict.
Regarding emotional intelligence, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a.Emotionally intelligent people have learned to suppress their negative emotions and indulge their positive ones.
b.The "right" choices in life can only be defined by taking personal values, needs, and emotions into account.
c.Extremely rational approaches to making choices can produce sensible but emotionally empty decisions.
d.Many valuable lessons can be learned from paying close attention to your emotions and to the emotions of others.
a. Emotionally intelligent people have learned to suppress their negative emotions and indulge their positive ones.
Which of the following describes the body's reaction to stressful situations as a series of three stages?
a.mind-body connection
b.general adaptation syndrome
c.locus of control model
d.defense mechanism strategy
b.
general adaptation syndrome
A teratogen is
a.another name for a genetic defect.
b.the cause of cystic fibrosis and sickle-cell anemia.
c.any substance capable of causing birth defects.
d.characterized by all of these.
c.any substance capable of causing birth defects.
Megan is often so depressed that she eats and sleeps poorly, rarely exercises, and has been smoking more. According to health psychologists, Megan is exhibiting a
a.disease-prone personality.
b.Type B personality.
c.behavioral risk personality.
d.stress-prone personality.
a. disease-prone personality.
A good way to encourage development of a child's intellectual capacity is to
a.require highly abstract thought, regardless of the child's age.
b. present challenges slightly beyond the child's current level of comprehension.
c.expose the child to advanced intellectual topics and styles of thought.
d.present problems that are always highly novel or unusual.
b.present challenges slightly beyond the child's current level of comprehension.
The branch of psychology that studies how cognitive and behavioral principles can be used to prevent illness and promote health is known as __________ psychology. a.developmental
b.health
c.behavioral
d.stress
b. health
Conventional, group-oriented morals are typical of a.delinquents.
b.young children.
c.older children and most adults.
d.only 20 percent of the adult population.
c. older children and most adults.
Monty has been experiencing extreme distress for the last 10 years regarding his gender variance and has sought professional help from a counselor. Using the newest DSM-5 guidelines, this counselor will most likely diagnose Monty with

a.a dissociative disorder.
b.sexual dysfunction.
c.gender dysphoria.
d.an atypical sexual orientation.
c. gender dysphoria.
Marian's sexual orientation is asexual, which means that she
a.has sexual feelings but has chosen not to act on them.
b.is distressed by her lack of sexual desire.
c.has a treatable sexual dysfunction.
d.experiences little or no sexual attraction.
d. experiences little or no sexual attraction.
Monique tends to see her own shortcomings, such as her bad temper and her unacceptable aggressive impulses, in others. She believes that others intentionally provoke her to anger and that it is these other people who are the aggressors, not her. Monique is using which defense mechanism?

a.regression
b.repression
c.reaction formation
d.projection
d.projection
You are watching television, when your four-year-old son comes into the room and sits on the floor between you and the television, blocking your view. You ask him to move so you can see better, and he moves so that HE can see better. Your son is exhibiting


a.a lack of object permanence.
b.egocentric thought.
c.naive conservationism.
d.a lack of intuitive thinking.
b.
egocentric thought.
A specialist in the psychology of language is a

a.parapsychologist.
b.phrenologist.
c.psycholinguist.
d.graphologist.
c.psycholinguist.
Regarding rape facts and rape statistics, which of the following statements is FALSE?


a.Twenty percent of all American women will experience rape in their lifetimes.
b.American women who have been sexually or physically assaulted reported that the perpetrator was a husband, intimate partner, or acquaintance in approximately 40 percent of the cases.
c.Pregnancy is the result of rape in 32,000 cases every year.
d.Most women continue to report fear, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction a year or two after being raped.
b.
American women who have been sexually or physically assaulted reported that the perpetrator was a husband, intimate partner, or acquaintance in approximately 40 percent of the cases.
Over the past 20 years, extreme gender role stereotyping has been

a.increasing slightly.
Incorrect
b.escalating moderately.
c.declining.
d.skyrocketing to the highest level since the 1950s.
c. declining.
After Gabe started out life biologically as a female named Gabrielle, he always felt that psychologically he was male, so he had a sex change operation and now lives as a male. Gabe

a.has a gender paraphilia.
b.has a heterophobia.
c.would be considered bisexual.
d.would be considered transsexual.
d.
would be considered transsexual.
People who have lived richly and responsibly are able to face aging and death with dignity because they have developed a sense of
a.generativity.
b.integrity.
c.identity.
d.autonomy.
b.
integrity.
Regarding Piaget and Vygotsky's views of cognitive development, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a.Piaget gave too little credit to the role of maturation in cognitive development.
b.Vygotsky focused on the impact of sociocultural factors on cognitive development.
c.Piaget gave too little credit to the effects of the learning environment on cognitive development.
d.Vygotsky's key insight is that children's thinking develops through dialogues with more capable persons.
a.
Piaget gave too little credit to the role of maturation in cognitive development.
Briana is 9 years old and has been competing in beauty pageants for young girls since she was 2. She has posters on her wall of beautiful models that she hopes to be like one day. According to recent studies, Briana is LEAST likely to exhibit which of the following?

a.low self-esteem and problems, such as depression and eating disorders
b.higher performance on intellectual activities at school
c.a tendency to engage in risky sexual behaviors at a younger age
d.unhealthy sexualization
b.
higher performance on intellectual activities at school
Pedophilic disorder involves sexual arousal

a.associated with other people's feet.
b.derived from receiving pain as part of the sex act.
c.associated with inanimate objects.
d.by having sex with children.
d.by having sex with children.
Regarding gay and lesbian persons, which of the following statements is TRUE?

a.Gays and lesbians hate members of the opposite sex.
b.Gay and lesbian parents influence their own children to become gay.
c.Gays and lesbians are able to contribute to society and do maintain long-term, monogamous relationships.
d.Gays and lesbians try to convert others to homosexuality and also molest children more than heterosexuals.
c.
Gays and lesbians are able to contribute to society and do maintain long-term, monogamous relationships.
Acceptable behavior in most situations is defined by society, as a whole, through the broadest set of
a.norms.
b.comparison levels.
c.group structures.
d.standardization levels.
A. Norms
Groups reward their members for conformity with
a.unanimity and power.
b.power and authority.
c.legitimacy and recognition.
d.approval and acceptance.
d.approval and acceptance.
A cat caged in complete darkness learns to press a lever to briefly turn on a light. In terms of the cat's motivation, the light serves as a(n)
Select one:
a.stimulus motive.
b.cyclic drive.
c.biological motive.
d.deprivation incentives.
a.stimulus motive.
More and more men are experiencing excessive worry about not being muscular enough, a condition known as
Select one:
a.acromegaly.
b.muscle dysmorphia.
c.physical myopia.
d.kinesthetic dysplasia.
b.muscle dysmorphia.
A person taking a "lie detector" test may be asked a question, such as "Was the gun that killed Hensley a, a) Colt, b) Smith & Wesson, c) Walther PPK, or d) Luger?" A guilty person should show more reaction on the polygraph to the correct gun, while an innocent person should the same reaction to all four responses. This type of questioning is part of the __________ test.
Select one:
a.connotative guilt
b.guilty knowledge
c.relevant details
d.critical incidents
b.guilty knowledge
Two candidates apply for a job. One is a middle-aged woman with years of experience in the field and excellent letters of recommendation, while the other candidate is a younger man, who has never worked in this particular field. If the man is hired either because he is younger or because he is male, then the person hiring has engaged in
d.discrimination.
Passion refers to

a.feelings of connectedness and affection for another person.
b.deep emotional and/or sexual feelings for another person.
c.the determination to stay in a long-term relationship with another person.
d.the nearly exclusive attention lovers give to one another.
b. deep emotional and/or sexual feelings for another person.
When you are "falling in love," you are experiencing
a.romantic love.
b.companionate love.
c.liking.
d.consummate love.
a.romantic love.
A person's invisible "spatial envelope" that surrounding the body and is regarded as private and under one's personal control is referred to as one's
a.spatial role.
b.personal space.
c.ego location.
d.proximal location.
b.
personal space.
Needs that must be met for one's survival are referred to as __________ motives.
Select one:
a.biological
b.incentive
c.extrinsic
d.stimulus
a.biological
A part of the nervous system that prepares the body for emergencies, that is, "fighting or fleeing," is the __________ branch.
Select one:
a.parasympathetic
b.sympathetic
c.somatic
d.adaptive
b.sympathetic
A suitable international superordinate goal might be to
a.preserve the natural environment on a global scale.
b.reduce the trade imbalance between China and the United States.
c.increase the per capita income in Great Britain.
d.provide nuclear weapons technology to all nations.
A. preserve the natural environment on a global scale.
Being born into an organized society means that which of the following are present when we arrive?
a.established values
b.established expectations
c.established behavior patterns
d.all of these
d.all of these
Biological drives are essential because they maintain a steady state of bodily equilibrium called
Select one:
a.thermostasis.
b.biological rhythm.
c.intrinsic motivation.
d.homeostasis.
d.homeostasis.
Which of the following terms refers to giving equal status, recognition, and acceptance to different ethnic and cultural groups?
a.groupthink
b.symbolic prejudice
c.multiculturalism
d.just-world beliefs
c.multiculturalism
According to the Cannon-Bard theory,
Select one:
a.the thalamus plays a central role in producing emotions.
b.the cerebellum must give the go-ahead for emotion.
c.activity in the occipital and parietal lobes happens simultaneously to produce emotion.
d.the somatic and sympathetic nervous systems work in concert.
a.
the thalamus plays a central role in producing emotions.
Because we seldom know the real reasons for others' actions, we tend to infer causes from
a.intuition.
b.objective facts.
c.circumstances.
d.subjective emotions.
c.circumstances.
The use of individuating information
a.is an effective way of combating stereotypes.
b.enables you to see someone as a member of a group.
c.is a useful way to understand the categories that a person belongs to.
d.is not associated with a reduction in prejudice.
a.is an effective way of combating stereotypes.
Jet lag results when travelers experience a lack of synchronization between the local time of the place they have traveled to and their
Select one:
a.ASC's.
b.sensation-seeking patterns.
c.circadian rhythms.
d.opponent processes.
c.
circadian rhythms.
In addition to hostile beliefs about other groups, intergroup conflicts are almost always amplified and even justified by
a.the occurrence of cognitive dissonance.
b.stereotyped images of the out-group.
c.passive compliance by the in-groups.
d.the development of superordinate goals.
b.stereotyped images of the out-group.
Which of the following would be an internal cause for making a good grade on the psychology test?
a."The teacher likes me."
b."The test items were easy."
c."I'm smart."
d."Boy, was I lucky that "B" was the answer on most of the questions."
c."I'm smart."
In Milgram's follow-up experiments, when real subjects saw two other "teachers" (both actors) resist orders and walk out of the experiment, what percent of the participants continued to obey?
a.10 percent
b.33 percent
c.48 percent
d.65 percent
a.
10 percent
The social learning theory of aggression explains that
a.watching aggressive models reduces tension and lowers aggressiveness.
b.people learn to be aggressive by watching aggressive models.
c.the innate patterns of behavior are inhibited by watching aggressive models.
d.watching aggressive models leads to frustrated desires, which in turn, leads to aggressive acts.
b.
people learn to be aggressive by watching aggressive models.
The tendency to assign internal causes to other people's behavior and external causes to our own behavior is called
a.the actor-observer bias.
b.the low-ball technique.
c.cognitive dissonance.
d.role conflict.
a.the actor-observer bias.
Terri believes that she is a person who "never gets angry," when, in reality, she spends much of each day seething with anger inside. Rogers would say that Terri is experiencing
a.incongruence.
b.moral anxiety.
c.neurotic anxiety.
d.organismic valuing.
a.
incongruence.
A somatic type delusion involves the belief that
a.one's spouse or lover is being unfaithful.
b.one is being conspired against, spied on, maligned or harassed.
c.one's body is diseased or rotten, infected, or misshapen.
d.one is loved by another, especially someone famous.
c.one's body is diseased or rotten, infected, or misshapen.
A procedure for systematically achieving deep relaxation of the body is known as
a.EMDR.
b.REBT.
c.covert sensitization.
d.the tension-release method.
d.the tension-release method.
The DSM-5 that is currently being used was published in
a.2005.
b.2008.
c.2010.
d.2013.
D. 2013
A student is given a multiple choice test that would be scored the same way no matter which teacher graded it. This illustrates that the test is
a.projective.
b.objective.
Correct
c.subjective.
d.valid.
b.objective.
The notion of self-reinforcement is important in the accounts of personality development provided by
a.traditional behaviorists.
b.neo-Freudians.
c.humanistic theorists.
d.social learning theorists.
d.social learning theorists.
A man dreams of dancing with his sister. To Jung, the image of his sister might represent
a.the man's latent homosexuality.
b.a sign of man's hidden incestuous feelings.
c.an unexpressed feminine side of the man's personality.
Correct
d.the man's anxiety over the sibling rivalry he has with his sister.
c.an unexpressed feminine side of the man's personality.
Cognitive therapy has been used successfully in treating
a.generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.
b.marital distress and dealing with anger.
c.compulsive hand-washing and depression.
d.all of these disorders.
d.all of these disorders.
Behaviorists believe that the symptoms of anxiety are the result of
a.faulty self-image.
b.existential anxiety.
c.forbidden id impulses.
d.inappropriate conditioning.
d.inappropriate conditioning.
A man spends large amounts of money on security equipment because he believes his neighbors are spying on him and harassing him in order to pressure him to move. He has reported to the police that his neighbors have been moving objects around in his garage and yard and, even, in his house. Delusions of this sort would be of which type?
a.grandiose
b.somatic
c.harassment
d.persecutory
d.persecutory
Rogers refers to internal standards of evaluation based on the approval or rejection of others as
a.ego ideals.
b.conditions of worth.
c.organismic valuing.
d.possible selves.
b.
conditions of worth.
A fixation is
a.the presence of both "masculine" and "feminine" traits in a single person.
b.the state that exists when there is a discrepancy between one's experiences and self-image or between one's self-image and ideal self.
c.unshakable love and approval given without qualification.
d.an unresolved conflict caused by overindulgence or by frustration.
d.an unresolved conflict caused by overindulgence or by frustration.
Sam had been sick since he was a young child. He was rushed to the hospital by his desperately concerned mother. Although his mother was praised by the hospital personnel for her attentiveness, the doctors discovered that the mother had been injecting her son with 7-up to make him sick so she could get attention and sympathy from medical personnel and be considered a "concerned, devoted" mother. Sam's mother would most likely be diagnosed with
a.Munchausen syndrome by proxy
b.an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
c.Prader-Willis syndrome.
d.a conversion disorder.
a.Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
In order to treat his posttraumatic stress disorder, Tony is undergoing a treatment in which he is asked to visualize the images that most upset him while the therapist moves a pencil rapidly from side to side in front of his eyes. He is then asked to describe any memories, feelings, or thoughts that emerge. Tony is undergoing
a.insight therapy.
b.therapeutic hypnosis.
c.eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.
d.virtual reality exposure.
c.eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.
Insanity is
a.another name for SAD.
b.a legal term.
c.the psychiatric term for multiple personalities.
d.required to be established before a person can be voluntarily treated at a mental hospital.
b.a legal term.
Which of the following would be POOR advice for a person who wants to lead a self-actualized life?
a.Try to see yourself as others do and be willing to admit you were wrong.
b.Be prepared to be different.
c.Use wishful thinking in dealing with your fears and desires.
d.Actively repeat activities that cause feelings of amazement, reverence, and joy.
c.Use wishful thinking in dealing with your fears and desires.
A guided reduction in fear, anxiety, or aversion attained by gradually approaching a feared stimulus while maintaining relaxation describes the therapy technique known as
a.aversion therapy.
b.systematic desensitization.
c.confrontation.
d.transference.
b.systematic desensitization.
Carla believes that anyone who belongs to "her" political party is a "good, trustworthy" person, while anyone who belongs to the other party is "bad and untrustworthy." When her best friend tells Carla that she is voting for the other party, Carla becomes very upset and cannot believe that her best friend would be so disloyal to her. According to Aaron Beck, Carla is exhibiting
a.overgeneralization.
b.selective perception.
c.all-or-nothing thinking.
d.incomplete rationalization.
c.all-or-nothing thinking.
Electroconvulsive therapy has been mainly used to treat
a.severe depression.
b.schizophrenia.
c.dissociative disorders.
d.obsessive-compulsive disorder.
a.severe depression.
The halo effect refers to the
a.technique in which the frequency and severity of various behaviors are recorded.
b.use of ambiguous or unstructured stimuli in the assessment of personality.
c.process of admitting experience into consciousness during organismic valuing.
d.tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to unrelated details of personality.
d.
tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to unrelated details of personality.
Ralph's long-time girlfriend Amy dumped him during his junior year in college. When asked why he hasn't dated much in the last five years, he says that "he'll never be able to truly trust another woman after what Amy did to him." According to REBT, Ralph
a.has lost meaningfulness in his life and needs to make the courageous choice to find love.
b.is exhibiting learned helplessness and avoidance conditioning.
c.is exhibiting the defense mechanism of regression.
d.has an irrational belief that because something once strongly affected him, it will do so forever.
d.has an irrational belief that because something once strongly affected him, it will do so forever.
The term "nervous breakdown"
a.refers to very severe psychotic behavior episodes.
b.is a legal, not a psychological, term.
c.has no formal psychological meaning.
d.refers to a severe, but transient, depression.
c.has no formal psychological meaning.
Research has shown that the right combination of inherited potential and environmental stress may produce mind-altering changes in the brain. These changes may cause psychotic behavior and various forms of psychopathology. This is called the __________ model.
a.undifferentiated impact
b.causal-interactional
c.psychogenic-environmental
d.stress-vulnerability
d.stress-vulnerability
Which of the following are short-term group living facilities for people making the transition from mental hospitals to independent living?
a.deinstitutionalizations
b.halfway houses
c.encounter groups
d.somatic therapy groups
b.
halfway houses
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