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Chapter 9 SOCL120 OER WITH WORKBOOK

Terms in this set (42)

Affirmative Action
the policies and practices offering equal opportunity to some racial-ethnic minorities and women in employment and education intended to help compensate for historical discrimination
Annexation
involves a legal process that transfers territory, typically in the form of a treaty, between groups
Assimilation
a pattern of intergroup relations in which the boundary lines between groups is diminished and groups become increasingly similar to one another
Authoritarian Personality Theory
A social-psychological theory of prejudice in which it is thought that individuals with authoritarian-type personalities are more prone to prejudice
Biological Racism
A form of racism based on the belief that a minority group is biologically inferior to a dominant group
Colorism
a kind of prejudice, in which someone believes one type of skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a racial group
Conquest
a form of contact that occurs when conflict arises between formerly separated groups, resulting in one group conquering and coming to dominate the other
Contact Theory
A sociological theory on prejudice that argues prejudice arises in societies where institutional segregation and social inequality are paired
Cultural Racism
A form of racism based on the belief the position of a racial-ethnic minority group within the system of stratification is due to their cultural traits
De facto segregation
a system of segregation which occurs without laws, but is enforced through custom
De jure segregation
a system of segregation that is enforced by law
Discrimination
the arbitrary denial of rights, privileges, and opportunities to members of a minority group
Dominant Group
the group which holds the most power in a given society and has the power to assign minority status to other groups
Ethnic competition theory
a sociological theory of prejudice which holds that ethnic prejudice and conflict increase when two or more ethnic groups find themselves competing for jobs, housing, and other goals
Ethnic Group
a group with a set of shared social, cultural, and historical experiences; with relatively distinctive beliefs, values, and behaviors; and with some sense of identity of belonging to the group
Ethnicity
the shared social, cultural, and historical experiences, stemming from common national or regional backgrounds, that make groups different from one another
Expulsion
A pattern of intergroup relations in which members of a dominant group expel members of a minority group from society
Frustration-Aggression (Scapegoat) Theory
A social-psychological theory of prejudice in which it is thought that people who are frustrated by their life circumstances will blame their troubles on low status groups
Genocide
a pattern of intergroup relations in which members of a dominant group kills members of a minority group en masse
Group Threat Theory
A sociological theory on prejudice that finds prejudice arises from competition over jobs and other resources and from disagreement over various political issues. When groups vie with each other over these matters, they often become hostile toward each other
Hypersegregation
the high degree of residential segregation experienced by African Americans
Immigration
the movement of people into a new region or nation
Individual Discrimination
discrimination that individuals practice in their daily lives against other individuals or small groups
Institutional Discrimination
discrimination that pervades the practices of whole institutions, such as housing, medical care, law enforcement, employment, and education
Institutional Racism
refers to the way in which racism is embedded in the fabric of society
Intergroup relations
patterns of relationships between different groups of people
Involuntary (forced) immigration
Groups forced to move from one society to a new society
Minority (Subordinate) Group
any group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the others in the society in which they live for differential and unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination
Pluralism
a pattern of intergroup relations in which the division between groups are maintained, sometimes in equal and sometimes in unequal ways
Prejudice
a set of negative attitudes, beliefs, and judgments about groups, and about individual members of those groups
Race
a category of people who share certain physical characteristics, such as skin color, facial features and stature
Racial Profiling
the use by law enforcement of race alone to determine whether to stop and detain someone
Racism
the belief that certain racial or ethnic groups are biologically or culturally inferior to one's own
Redlining
the practice of rejecting the mortgage applications of racial-ethnic minorities who wish to live in certain neighborhoods primarily inhabited by members of the same group
Restrictive Covenants
agreements among property owners that stipulated they would not sell or rent their properties of African Americans
Segregation
a pattern of intergroup relations in which the dominant group structures society in such a way as to limit contact between themselves and a minority group
Social Construction
When something has no objective reality but rather is what people decide it to be
Social Learning Theory
a sociology theory of prejudice in which it is argued that prejudice is the result of socialization from parents, peers, and news media and other various aspects of their culture
Stereotype Interchangeability
occurs when a stereotype, formerly applied to a subordinate groups that has assimilated into society and to which the stereotype in no longer applied, is recycled or reused to describe a newly subordinate group
Stereotypes
simplified, mistaken generalizations about people because of their race and/or ethnicity, which are not tested against reality and which are learned second-hand
Unconscious (implicit) bias
biases individuals exhibit that are beyond their awareness and based on learned stereotypes that are unintentionally held
Voluntary immigration
Individuals or group voluntarily move from one society to a new society
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