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Age of Exploration- Broc

Terms in this set (88)

1400s
what year did the Europeans start exploring?
religious zeal, gold, and glory
why did the Europeans explore distant lands?
5
how many European powers led to economic heights led by Portugal and Spain?
"God, glory, and gold"
what was the motto of European exploration?
expand trade and locate spices and precious metals
what were the economic interests of European exploration?
Hernan Cortes
who wanted to spread Catholic faith with native people?
grandeur, glory, and the spirit of adventure
what was there an increase desire for in European exploration?
Portugal and Spain
2 countries that took the lead in discovering new lands were...
Portugal
who took the lead in European Exploration?
Henry the Navigator
portugal took the lead under the leadership of...
western coast of Africa
portugese ships traveled along the ___________ finding gold and other goods
Vasco de Gama
he traveled along the Cape of Good Hope (the southern tip of Africa) and landed in India in 1498
Melaka
important port city portugal captured enabling them to control the spice trade that had previously been under arab control
seamanship, guns, and treaties
portugal used this to control the spice trade
Asia
portugal never expanded the spice trade into here
Christopher Columbus
sailed for Spain- searched for a western route to asia and landed at cuba and hispaniola in 1492
Ferndinand Magellan
sailed around the tip of south america and into the pacific ocean. He is credited with being the first person to circumnavigate the globe
Treaty of Tordesillas
signed by Portugal and Spain in 1494 separating control of newly discovered lands
John Cabot
a venetian, explored the New England coastline of the Americas for England
Amerigo Vespucci
Florentine mapmaker, led to the use of the name "America" for the newly discovered lands in the Western Hemisphere
Aztecs and Incas
the 2 civilizations that succumbed to the Spanish
Spanish conquistadors
established an overseas empire in the Americas
Montezuma
In 1519 Hernán Cortés and his Spanish allies were welcomed into Tenochtitlán by the Aztec monarch ______________. They were expelled from the city 1 year later.
smallpox
what devastated the Aztec capital when the Spaniards left?
Spanish
who returned to the Aztec Empire after being expelled to capture and destroy it?
conquistador
a spanish conqueror of the Americas
Francisco pizzaro
led an expedition into the Inca Empire in 1530. The Incas were no match for the Spanish disease, guns, and horses.
Lima
Pizzaro est. a new capital for the Spanish colony at _____.
encomienda system
system of colonial administration used by the Spanish- it was the right of landowners to use Native Americans as laborers
encomienda
a system of labor the Spanish used in the Americas; Spanish landowners had the right, as granted by Queen Isabella, to use Native Americans as laborers
protection and converting them to Christianity
Spanish landowners could use Native Americans for labor in return for what?
religion, language, and government
Native American political and social structures were torn apart and replaced by European systems of ________________.
Columbian Exchange
what is the exchange of plants, animals, and disease between Europe and the Americas known as?
Columbian Exchange
the extensive exchange of plants and animals between the Old and New Worlds, especially during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
Dutch, French, and English
Portugese and Spanish rivals for trading rights and for new lands
East India Company
est. by the Sutch to compete with the English and Portugese for the Indian Ocean trade
New Netherland
By the early seventeen century, the Dutch established settlements in North America such as __________.
Louisiana and regions of Canada
In the 1600s, the French colonized parts of present-day ________.
English
who began to settle the eastern seaboard of North America and islands in the Caribbean Sea?
English
In 1664 who seized the harbor of New Netherland from the Dutch and renamed in New York?
slave trade
European expansion affected Africa with the dramatic increase of the __________.
Americas
the slave trade increased as enslaved africans were brought to where?
Americas and in the East
where did Europe create trading empires and establish colonies?
mercantilism
colonies were an integral part of _______
mercantilism
a set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century; it held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver
colony
a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control
colonies
provideed raw materials and markets for finished goods
balance of trade
To bring in more gold, nations tried to have a favorable __________ and export more goods than they imported
subsidies and improved transportation systems
to encourage exports, governments granted what?
balance of trade
the difference in value between what a nation imports and what it exports over time
subsidy
government payment to encourage or protect a certain economic activity
Southwest Asia
Slavery had existed since ancient times, and African slaves served as domestic servants in ____________.
sugar cane
what led to the dramatic change for the demand of slaves?
plantations
where was sugarcane grown and labor was needed?
triangular trade
connection between Europe, Africa, and Americas that slaves became an important commodity of
10 million
how many African slaves may have been brought to the Americas between 1500 and the late 1800s?
triangular trade
a pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa and Asia, and the American continents; typically, manufactured goods from Europe were sent to Africa, where they were exchanged for enslaved persons, who were sent to the Americas, where they were exchanged for raw materials that were then sent to Europe
Middle Passage
journey across the Atlantic Ocean that led to a high number of exported slaves because of the high mortality rate
coastal regions
The slave trade devastated the population of African communities near the _________.
King Afonso
African ruler who protested slaver but was ignored by African and European slave traders
Middle Passage
the journey of enslaved persons from Africa to the Americas, so called because it was the middle portion of the triangular trade route
slave trade
led to depopulation, increased warfare, and devastation for many African states
Benin
was transformed from a brilliant society into a brutal, war-ravaged region following the introduction of slavery
Society of Friends
condemned slavery in the 1770s which led to slavery not being as widely accepted
French
who abolished slavery in the 1790s?
English
who abolished slavery in 1807?
1860s
slavery continued in the US until when?
Latin American colonies
Portugal and Spain reaped profits from the natural resources and products of their ___________.
Latin America
where the portugese and spanish built colonial empires and profited from the resources and trade of their colonies
Brazil
what did Portugal control in the 1500s?
North America, Central America, and most of South America
what did Spain control in the 1500s?
Latin America
Central and South America became known as _____, and a unique social class system emerged
Peninsulares
Spanish and Portuguese officials born in Europe; they held all important government positions
Creoles
Descendants of Europeans who were born in Latin America; they controlled business and land
Mestizos
The offspring of European and Native American intermarriage
Mulattoes
The offspring of Africans and Europeans
peninsulare
a person born on the Iberian Peninsula; typically, a Spanish or Portuguese official who resided temporarily in Latin America for political and economic gain and then returned to Europe
creole
a person of European descent born in the New World and living there permanently
mestizo
a person of mixed European and Native American Indian descent
mulatto
a person of mixed African and European descent
labor
Europeans utilized the Native Americans as ______.
ecomienda and mita
Europeans used this to sustain a viable labor force
gold and silver
offered immediate wealth to the Europeans from the colonies
tobacco, sugar, and animal hides
traded to europe in return for finished products
mita
a labor system that the Spanish administrators in Peru used to draft native people to work in the Spanish landowners' silver mines
governor-generals
To control their colonial possessions in the Americas, Portugal and Spain used _____________ to develop a bureaucracy and carry out imperial policies.
catholic missionaries
instrumental in converting and maintaining order within the colonial territories
Juana Ines de la cruz
urged convents to educate women on subjects beyond religion
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