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Homework 20 + 21

Terms in this set (30)

Which of the following is NOT considered a lymph node function?
to filter blood
What causes the increased size of an activated cervical lymph node during infection?
lymphocyte division
From the right leg, lymph moves in which order?
right lumbar trunk, thoracic duct, left subclavian vein
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the spleen?
Red pulp is where immune functions take place.
Which of the following lymphoid organs is NOT matched with its function?
Peyer's patches: site of B cell maturation (B cells mature in one of the primary lymphoid organs.)
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
The adult thymus consists mainly of lymphoid tissue.
Where do B lymphocytes mature?
red Bone marrow
Which leukocytes are sometimes referred to as "housekeeping" phagocytes because of their role in clearing (cleaning up) cell debris?
macrophages
What is the most important reason you should not try draining an abscess by pressing on it?
may spread infection to deeper tissue
Which of the following events is not directly associated with inflammatory responses?
antibody production (Inflammation is a component of the body's innate defenses. Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity is a component of adaptive defenses.)
Phagocytes are unable to adhere to bacteria that have external capsules concealing their membrane carbohydrates. Our immune system gets around this problem by coating such pathogens with __________.
opsonins (opsonins are complement proteins or antibodies; both provide "handles" to which phagocyte receptors can bind. Any pathogen can be coated with opsonins, a process called opsonization ("to make tasty"), which greatly accelerates phagocytosis of that pathogen.)
All but one of the following occurs during the inflammatory response. Select the example below that does NOT describe the process of inflammation.
Vasoconstriction prevents excessive blood loss due to injury.
Which of the following is true of incomplete antigens (haptens)?
Incomplete antigens are only immunogenic when attached to protein carriers.
Submit
Without the positive selection process in lymphocyte maturation ________.
T cells would not be able to properly bind to APC's and therefore not be activated by them
Lymphocyte "education" refers to ensuring that T cells _______.
that do not recognize self-MHC proteins undergo apoptosis
Which of the following should produce naturally acquired, active immunity?
recovering from the chicken pox (Exposure to an antigen and the subsequent immune response provides naturally acquired active immunity.)
Which of the following statements does not describe the adaptive immune response?
It occurs immediately after the body is challenged by foreign material. (The adaptive immune response does not occur immediately upon the body's exposure to foreign material. It takes time for the body to mount an adaptive immune response and particularly longer upon a first exposure to the foreign material.)
Which of the following statements regarding the primary versus the secondary immune response is true?
A primary response results when naïve lymphocytes are activated, while a secondary response is a result of activating memory cells. (A primary response results when naïve lymphocytes are activated, while a secondary response is a result of activating memory cells.)
Which of the following are properly matched?
IgG: most abundant antibody (IgG is the most abundant class of antibodies in plasma. Additionally, IgG is the only class of antibodies that normally crosses the placenta to protect the baby in utero.)
A flu vaccine is needed seasonally to be effective but a polio vaccine is only needed once. The best explanation of this is ________.
the flu has several strains that change seasonally
Submit
In clonal selection of B cells, which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned?
antigen
A class I MHC protein presents an antigen. What type of cell is likely presenting and to what type of cell would it be presented?
An antigen-presenting cell (APC) would present antigens to a CD8 cell. (MHC I proteins are found on all nucleated cells except for antigen-presenting cells (APCs). MHC I expressing cells present antigens to CD8 cells, which become cytotoxic T cells when activated.)
Which of the following are NOT appropriately matched?
helper T cells: destroy infected body cells (Helper T cells are lymphocytes that manage or orchestrate an immune response, but they do not directly kill cells.)
What occurs if a naïve T cell binds to an antigen without receiving a co-stimulatory signal?
The T cell enters a state of anergy. (In order for a naïve T cell to be activated and release interleukins to coordinate an immune response, the T cell must bind to an antigen and receive a co-stimulatory signal. If a T cell binds to an antigen but does not receive a co-stimulatory signal, then the cell enters a state of anergy, or unresponsiveness.)
Which lymphocytes act as the bridge between the cellular and humoral responses?
helper T cells (Helper T cells are lymphocytes that organize the cellular and humoral immune response branches of the immune system.)
Which of the following does NOT correctly describe the process of CD4 T cell activation and proliferation?
The CD4 T cell's antigen receptor binds to a class I MHC on the surface of an antigen presenting cell. (CD4 T cell's antigen receptors bind to class II (not class I) MHCs. Class II MHC proteins are typically found only on the surfaces of cells that present antigens to CD4 cells: dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. Each MHC protein has a deep groove that holds a peptide, either a self-antigen or a foreign antigen. CD4 T cells can only bind antigens that are presented (displayed to them) on class II MHC proteins.)
An advantage to adaptive immunity is ________.
its memory cells that provide quicker, larger and more efficient immune response upon second and subsequent exposure to an antigen
Which of the following provides a first line of defense against pathogens?
skin and mucous membranes (The first line of defense against disease is intact skin and mucous membranes. If an antigen (pathogen) cannot enter the body, a secondary defense is unnecessary.)
What is/are the specific target(s) of interferons?
the membrane receptors on healthy cells (Interferon binds to membrane receptors in healthy cells and triggers a response inside the cell that leads to the production of chemicals that interfere with virus manufacture)
What part of the antibody's structure determines its class?
constant (C) region (The constant region, which includes parts of each heavy and light chain, is identical to other molecules in its class but differs between classes)
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