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Chapter 16- molecular expression of DNA

Terms in this set (25)

What are telomeres?
the ends of linear chromosomes
What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the two strands that make up the DNA double helix?
The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand
In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and mice, Griffith found that ________________.
some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred to nonpathogenic cells, making them pathogenic.
It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information. Which of the following characteristics of DNA is responsible for this?
sequence of bases
Which of the following facts did Hershey and Chase make use of in trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material?
DNA contains phosphorus, whereas protein does not.
Which of the following types of cells are affected most by telomere shortening?
only eukaryotic cells
Who performed classic experiments that supported the semiconservative model of DNA replication?
Meselson and Stahl
Semiconservative replication involves a template. What is the template?
one strand of the DNA molecule
Which of the following investigators was (were) responsible for the discovery that in DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine?
Erwin Chargaff
Which of the following statements accurately describes the differences between DNA replication in prokaryotes and DNA replication in eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many.
DNA contains the template needed to copy itself, but it has no catalytic activity in cells. What catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides in the DNA polymer being formed during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
In a nucleosome, the DNA is wrapped around ___________.
histones
In his transformation experiments, what phenomenon did Griffith observe?
Mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between ATP and the nucleotides used during DNA synthesis?
The nucleotides have the sugar deoxyribose; ATP has the sugar ribose.
What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication?
It joins Okazaki fragments together.
In DNA replication, the resulting daughter molecules contain one strand of the original parental DNA and one new strand. What is the explanation for this phenomenon?
DNA replication is semiconservative.
Why does a new DNA strand elongate only in the 5' to 3' direction during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to the free 3' end.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the structure of a eukaryotic chromosome?
It is a single linear molecule of double-stranded DNA plus proteins.
After the first replication was observed in their experiments testing the nature of DNA replication, Meselson and Stahl could be confident of which of the following conclusions?
Replication is neither dispersive nor conservative.
Within a double-stranded DNA molecule, adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine, and cytosine forms hydrogen bonds with guanine. What is the significance of the structural arrangement?
It permits complementary base pairing.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between the leading and the lagging strands of DNA during DNA replication?
The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.
Which of the following molecular characteristics cause histones to bind tightly to DNA?
Histones are positively charged, and DNA is negatively charged.
Hershey and Chase set out to determine what molecule served as the unit of inheritance. They completed a series of experiments in which E. coli was infected by a T2 virus. Which molecular component of the T2 virus actually ended up inside the cell?
DNA
Which of the following statements describes the process of transformation in bacteria?
External DNA is taken into a cell, becoming part of the cell's genome.
What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?
DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3′ end of a pre-existing strand, and the strands are antiparallel.
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