Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Developmental Psychology--Exam 3

Terms in this set (82)

Four-year-old Anna likes to get dressed all by herself. She buttons and unbuttons her clothes. She uses zippers, and even ties bows in her hair. She also likes to paint and draw. She practices all of these every day. Anna is demonstrating ______.
fine motor skills
Researchers interested in children's food preferences would most likely focus on the ______.
parents
How is the bioecological model related to risk factors for child maltreatment?
risk factors are present at all levels of the model
Three-year-old Zoe is constantly moving. She loves to run, jump, do gymnastics, and dance. She dances in the grocery store. She dances in the hallways. She dances at school all day long. Due to her age, her mother knows that she is in the ______.
highest level of activity in the lifespan
A 3-year-old male child presents at the doctor's office with rocking and no spoken. Which disorder is most likely to be diagnosed?
autism-spectrum disorder
Five-year-old Rachel likes the puzzle center at school. She also enjoys the dress up box during recess, where she can pick out and put on different costumes. She is able to do all the buttons and the zippers. Sometimes she still has trouble tying the strings together on the back of a costume. Rachel is working on ______.
fine motor skills
Doctors informing parents of healthy sleep habits would most likely focus on ______.
a security object
Fine motor skills follow the ______ principle of development.
proximodistal
Researchers interested in tying laces, painting, and counting would most likely focus on ______.
fine motor skills
Sophia is allergic to eggs. Her pediatrician wants to try and reduce her reactivity to eggs so that she can reduce her allergy. He asks her parents to ______.
give her small amounts over time to increase her tolerance
Four-year-old Matthew has a bad ear infection. He has been on a course of antibiotics to help clear it up. His mother notices he hasn't been eating like he usually does. She asks Matthew about it, and he just says that he doesn't feel like eating. She asks the pediatrician, who informs her that it may be due to ______.
the medication
Nineteen-month-old Kayla fell hard on her head. She suffered a concussion. The doctors have noticed that Kayla has not been functioning the same way since the injury. Her brain is not able to reverse the damage with plasticity due to ______.
the critical point in her development
The formation and pruning of synapses allows for brain ______.
plasticity
Children ages 3-5 should sleep ______ hours every night.
10-13
An example of a gross motor skill would include ______.
balancing on a beam
Four-year-old Isabella lives on her family's farm. She frequently goes to the corn fields with her teenage brother, and he teaches her about the growing crops. Recently, Isabella has been showing signs of ADHD. Her parents are at a loss as to how this may have developed in their daughter. The pediatrician questions them about their business and believes that exposure to ______ may be leading to these symptoms.
pesticides
Doctors measuring children for height norms would most likely focus on ______.
hormones
Children in early childhood should get about ______ hours of physical activity every day.
3
Ossification is defined as ______.
a process through which the long bones of the arms and legs form new tissue
How is ethnicity related to screen use?
children of color are more likely to have chaotic home lives, which is associated with increased screen use
In developed nations, many children's diets are insufficient in ______.
vitamins
______, along with maturation, play(s) a role in gross motor skill development.
context
______ changes during early childhood due to cephalocaudal development.
body proportions
Doctors informing parents of healthy sleep habits would most likely focus on ______.
a security object
Researchers interested in jumping, sliding, and balancing would most likely focus on ______.
gross motor skills
It takes a lot to get Ling's attention. She doesn't hear her teachers or her parents. She is constantly moving and touching everything. She is trying to get as much stimulation as possible. Ling may be suffering from ______.
sensory processing disorder--underresponsitivity
Anxiety-provoking dreams are known as ______.
nightmares
How are Piaget and Kohlberg similar in their understanding of the first stages of moral development?
both Piaget and Kohlberg believed that young children's behavior is governed by self-interest, avoiding punishment and gaining rewards
Researchers using the three-mountain task focus on understanding ______.
egocentrism
Which refers to an expert providing aid for a child to bridge a gap and complete a task or increase her competence level?
scaffolding
Olivia's teacher poses a situation in which Olivia has to choose whether or not it is ok to lie to a friend. Olivia loves her friends, but she does not want to get in trouble. She tells the teacher she would not lie because she would get punished if she were caught. Olivia is demonstrating ______.
preconventional reasoning
Ethan stepped away from his ball to get a jump rope at recess. Jimmy came over and took Ethan's ball. When Ethan saw Jimmy with his ball, he told the teacher Jimmy stole his ball. Ethan said he didn't know it was Jimmy's ball. It didn't matter to Ethan why Jimmy had the ball, just that he "stole it." Ethan is demonstrating ______.
heteronomous morality
Thomas's teacher poses a situation in which he has to decide if it is ok to take an extra snack and not pay for it because his friend is hungry. Thomas's question, as he reasons through the dilemma, is whether or not he would get caught. Thomas is demonstrating ______.
preconventional reasoning
Five-year-old Parker is playing with his cars. His older sister is doing her homework, while his older brother is playing with the dog. Parker is able to just concentrate on his cars and what he is doing, ignoring all the other distractions. He is most likely illustrating ______.
selective attention
Researchers interested in cognitive reasoning in moral development would most likely focus on ______ view of morality.
Piaget's
One way social learning theory and cognitive-developmental theory differ in their view of moral development is that social learning theory ______.
is external while cognitive-developmental theory involves internal reasoning
Which inference can be drawn from children's belief that inactivity means not thinking?
preschool children look for visible signs of thinking
Researchers interested in executive function in memory would focus on ______.
working memory
Robbie is babysitting his sister and a couple of the neighborhood children for the afternoon. He has decided to give them ice cream as a snack. He pulls out three different sized bowls and scoops two same-size scoops in each bowl. The children are not happy about the amount of ice cream in their bowls, all pointing at each other and saying, "She has more than me." The children lack an understanding of ______.
conservation
Four-year-old Ariel is describing what they had for dinner tonight to her grandmother. She starts by explaining that her mother was cooking the dinner. She goes on to give a step by step account of her setting the dinner table. Then, she proceeds to say "We sat down, mama served dinner, and we ate it all together." Ariel is demonstrating a ______.
script
In Piaget's first stage of moral reasoning, children view the rules as ______.
unalterable
Which theorist proposed that morality is learned through modeling?
Bandura
Which can be inferred from human speakers in language development?
human speakers rather than robotic ones enable children to learn new words more quickly, especially if there is an interaction
Four-year-old Ella is playing a matching game. She lays out all the cards and turns them over. She picks one up and turns it over. Then, she selects another one to find a match. If they match, she gets to put them aside but if they don't match then both have to be turned over again. As she does this and narrows things down, she says "I know where this one is." Ella is most likely demonstrating ______.
recognition memory
Which kind of memory refers to being able to remember something that has been encountered before?
recognition memory
How is irreversibility related to conservation in Piaget's preoperational reasoning?
since young children cannot understand that an operation can be reversed, they cannot understand that the mass, volume, and/or number of an object could change its shape and remain the same
Researchers interested in the acquisition of syntax would most likely focus on ______.
parent-child conversations
You explain where you went on vacation to a friend. You are using ______.
episodic memory
Which refers to education that is tailored to the age and differences of each child?
developmentally appropriate practice
Which is needed for children to learn abstract concepts such as belief?
advanced cognition
______ is one of the most successful federally funded early childhood education and intervention programs.
project head start
Jennifer has just graduated high school. She plans to attend college this fall at her local university. As she reflects on her previous schooling, she acknowledges that her parents were involved in her education, and they received health services as well. Jennifer comes from a lower socioeconomic status than many of the other students in her district. She knows that she had a greater chance at graduating high school all due to the ______ program she attended before Kindergarten.
head start
Which refers to the tendency to focus on one part of a stimulus or situation and exclude all other parts?
centration
In researching different preschool programs, Jamie wants to make sure that her daughter receives a good start in school. She wants what every parent does for her daughter. She also knows that her daughter may not do well in a rigid program that does not take her daughter's individuality into consideration. Jamie does not have access to a program like Montessori, so she instead looks for a program that uses ______.
a developmentally appropriate practice
Researchers interested in child-centered learning would focus on ______.
Montessori programs
Which parenting style emphasizes behavioral control and obedience over warmth?
authoritarian
Nick is a boy who has adopted a male identity. He is considered ______.
cisgender
Four-year-old Alice is watching her mom cook dinner. She sees that the table has not been set yet. She decides to take out the silverware and put it on the table along with plates and napkins. Alice's mother is very surprised and happy with her daughter's help. Alice has demonstrated ______.
instrumental assistance
Jack is taking his daughter, Sophie, to the park. Sophie brings along her new doll. Sophie plays happily for a long time. Jack tells Sophie that it is time to leave for dinner, but Sophie does not want to leave. Instead, she throws her doll and stamps her feet, saying "I am not going home." Jack calmly explains to Sophie that he is glad she had a good time today at the park, but their mother will be expecting them for dinner. He continues to explain that it would not be nice to have her dinner get cold while she waited for them. Jack is using ______.
inductive reasoning
How is theory of mind related to the sibling relationship?
interactions with siblings offer opportunities to understand other people's thoughts and practice taking their perspectives, advancing theory of mind
Which can be inferred about children whose parents used inductive discipline strategies?
inductive discipline strategies have been associated with positive outcomes such as high academic achievement and greater confidence
Kumar is a warm and nurturing parent. He rarely enforces the rules with his children. In fact, he lets them decide when they want to go to bed. He also allows them to use the computers any time that they want to. Kumar demonstrates ______ parenting.
permissive
Which inference can be drawn about peers in gender typing in young children?
young children are rigid in their understanding of male and female behavior and therefore reinforce gender-typed behavior with praise, imitation, or participation
Hazel is withdrawn, mistrustful, and anxious. According to Baumrind, she likely has ______ parents.
authoritarian
Amy's parents make sure to read stories to her that show women as independent and strong as well as men being nurturing and caring. They try to model these roles at home as well. In addition, they are mindful of the kind of programming that Amy watches on television. Amy's parents are attempting to reduce ______.
gender stereotypes
According to Erikson, a successful resolution of the third crisis of psychosocial development would result in ______.
initiative
Which parenting style is warm and accepting with few rules and behavioral expectations?
permissive
At what age do children begin to show instrumental assistance without a prompt?
3.5
______ play is occurring when a child pretends one thing is something else.
representational
Researchers interested in aggression in early childhood used to harm someone socially would focus on ______.
verbal aggression
How is media related to prosocial behavior?
media influences can demonstrate prosocial behavior and can be solidified when pointed out by parents in books and programming
Children's earliest friendships emerge through ______.
play
Ellie and her friends decide that it would be fun to play princesses so each of them decides which one they will be. Then, they begin to act like those princesses while they also interact with each other. They are demonstrating ______ play.
sociodramatic
"I have brown hair and blue eyes" is an example of ______.
self-concept
Researchers interested in reinforcement for gender-specific behaviors would focus on ______.
learning theory
In which type of play are children next to one another with no interaction?
parallel
Four-year-old Priya is in her room having a tea party. She has her stuffed animals set up, but she also has a place set next to her without an animal. She talks to each animal and the empty spot. She frequently asks the empty spot next to her what they should do next after the tea party. Priya is engaging in ______.
imaginary companionship
Charlie is helping his mother wash the dishes. He is demonstrating ___.
prosocial behavior
Researchers interested in how children practice social interactions alone would focus on ______.
imaginary companions
Smiling with pride after setting the dinner table all by yourself is an example of
Erikson's initiative
Researchers focused on child maltreatment would mostly be interested in children with ______ parents.
uninvolved
Which refers to children who do not identify with the sex they were assigned at birth?
transgender
Recommended textbook solutions

Social Psychology

10th Edition•ISBN: 9780134700724Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson
525 solutions

Myers' Psychology for the AP Course

3rd Edition•ISBN: 9781319070502 (1 more)C. Nathan DeWall, David G Myers
956 solutions

Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, Being

13th Edition•ISBN: 9780135225691 (1 more)Michael R Solomon
449 solutions

Psychology

1st Edition•ISBN: 9781947172074 (1 more)Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins
580 solutions