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Blood pressure drugs

Terms in this set (28)

Captopril: Pharmacotherapeutics
HTN, CHF, diabetic nephropathy, and left ventricular dysfunction
Captopril: Pharmacodynamics
Inhibits the ACE needed to change the inactive angiotensin I to the active form angiotensin II
Captopril: Contraindications/ Precautions
Second and third trimester of pregnancy and hypersensitivity
Captopril: Adverse Effects
Persistent nonproductive cough, angioedema, rash, hypotension, neutropenia, and dyspnea
Captopril: Lifespn/Gender/Diet
Determine pregnancy status
Assess normal dietary habits
Check BP before, during, and after therapy
Captopril Minimizing adverse effects
Monitor the patient for at least 2 hours after initial dose until blood pressure stabilizes
Assess blood reports for hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, neutropenia, and assess urine for proteinuria
Captopril: Maximizing Effects
Administer captopril at least 1 hour before meals because food decreases absorption
Captopril: Patient and Family Teaching
Teach purpose of drug therapy and any adverse reactions
Teach signs and symptoms to report
Captopril: Nursing Interventions
Monitor BP throughout therapy
BP that decreases to a normal range is indicative of successful therapy
Losartan: Pharmacotherapeutics
HTN, diabetic nephropathy, left ventricle dysfunction
Losartan: Pharmacodynamics
Selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin I to the angiotensin II receptors in many tissues
Losartan: Contraindications/Precautions
Hypersensitivity
Second and third trimester of pregnancy
Losartan: Adverse Effects
Hypotension
Diarrhea
Asthenia
Dizziness
Fatigue
Upper respiratory infection
Losartan: Lifespan/Gender/Diet
Assess pregnancy and lactation status
Assess usual lifestyle
Losartan: Max
Should be accompanied by by the recommended lifestyle changes
Avoid giving losartan with grapefruit juice
Losartan: Min
Monitor creatinine, BUN, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels
If taking a potassium supplement, contact prescribing provider
Losartan: Patient Teaching
Teach about the adverse effects on the fetus and the neonate
Teach about lifestyle modification
Teach about signs and symptoms to report
Losartan: Nursing Interventions
Monitor BP throughout therapy and determine whether the desire blood pressure goal has been achieved
Nitroprusside: Pharmacotherapeutics
Indicated in hypertensive crisis when BP must be reduced immediately
Nitroprusside: Contraindication/Precautions
Aortic Coarctation
Arteriovenous Shunting
Nitroprusside: Pharmacodynamics
Directly relaxes vascular smooth muscle, allowing dilation of peripheral arteries and veins
Rapid onset; short half-life
Nitroprusside: Adverse Effects
Severe drop in BP can cause ischemia and death
Cyanide poisoning id possible with high doses
Hypotension
Nitroprusside: Drug Interactions
Possible interaction with erectile dysfunction meds
Nitroprusside: Lifespan/Gender/Diet
Pregnancy Category C
Assess setting where medication will be given
Nitroprusside: Max
Infusion rate must be titrated to reduce BP without compromising organ perfusion
To avoid extreme hypotensive effects, start at a low infusion rate and increase it gradually
Nitroprusside: Min
Always use an IV pump to regulate infusion
Nitroprusside: Patient and Family Education
Explain to patient and family that the drug is being given to lower blood pressure quickly and that BP will be monitored constantly to prevent it from dropping too low
Nitroprusside: Nursing Intervensions
Monitor BP throughout therapy
Blood pressure that decreases to a normal range is indicative of successful drug therapy
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