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FLuid & Electrolyte Mnemonics

Terms in this set (13)

Hyperkalemia causes
Medications - ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS
A - Acidosis - Metabolic and respiratory
C - Cellular destruction - Burns, traumatic injury
H - Hypoaldosteronism, hemolysis
I - Intake - Excessive
N - Nephrons - renal failure
E - Excretion - Impaired
Hyperkalemia S/S
M - Muscle weakness
U - Urine: oliguria, anuria
R- Respiratory distress
D - Decreased cardiac contractility
E - ECG changes
R - Reflexes: hyperreflexia, or areflexia (flaccid)
Hyperkalemia Tx
"See big kid"
C calcium gluconate
B bicarbonate
I insulin
G glucose
K kayexalate - oral/rectal
D dialysis
Hypokalemia S/S
6 L's
Lethargy
Leg cramps
Limp muscles
Low, shallow respirations
Lethal cardiac dysrhythmias
Lots of urine (polyuria)

S - skeletal muscle weakness/Shallow respirations
U - U wave increases
C - constipation/hypoactive bowel sounds/abd distension
T - toxic effects of digoxin
I - irregular, weak pulse
O - orthostatic hypotension
N - numbness - paresthesia
Hyponatremia S/S
S tupor/coma
A norexia, N&V
L ethargy
T endon reflexes decreased

L imp muscles (weakness)
O rthostatic hypotension
S eizures/headache
S tomach cramping
Hypernatremia S/S
F - Fever (low grade), flushed skin
R - Restless (irritable)
I - Increased fluid retention and increased BP
E - Edema (peripheral and pitting)
D - Decreased urinary output, dry mouth OR

S -skin flushed/dry/flaky/seizures
A -agitation/decreased attention span
L -low grade fever/lethargic
T -thirst/twitchy
I - increased urine specific gravity
E -edema- pulmonary
R-reduced cardiac contractility/urine output
Hypernatremia causes
Medications, meals
Osmotic diuretics
Diabetes insipidus
Excessive water loss
Low water intake
Resp & Metabolic Acidosis/Alkalosis
R Respiratory
O Opposite

pH>7.45 & pCO2<35 = Respiratory Alkalosis
pH<7.35 & pCO2>45 = Respiratory Acidosis

Metabolic
Equal
pH>7.45 & HCO3>26 = Metabolic Alkalosis
pH<7.35 & HCO3<22 = Metabolic Acidosis
Hypercalcemia S/S
Groans: constipation
Moans: pain - joint aches
Bones: loss of calcium from bones, bone metastasis
Stones: kidney stones
Overtones: psychiatric overtones - depression, confusion
Hypocalcemia Signs
C - Convulsions
A- Arrhythmias
T - Tetany
S - Spasms and stridor
Hypermagnesmia S/S
R reflexes decreased/decreased nerve impulse/respiratory depression
E electrocardiogram changes/bradycardia /hypotension
N nausea and vomiting
A appearance flushed
L lethargy/drowsiness/coma
Hypomagnesmia S/S
S seizures/shallow reps
T tetany/twitches
A Anorexia/arrhythmia
R rapid heart rate/hypertension
V vomiting
E emotional lability/psychosis/confusion/irritability
D deep tendon reflexes increased/decreased GI signs
Hyperphosphatemia S/S
C cardiac irregularities
H hyperreflexia
E eating poorly
M muscle weakness
O oliguria
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...