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European Renaissance and Reformation, 1300-1600

Terms in this set (32)

What was the Renaissance?
An explosion of creativity in art, writing and thought
Who controlled Italian city-states?
The Medici Family (controlled Florence), wealthy merchants or nobles
Where do Renaissance artists and scholars look to for inspiration?
Artists, scholars study ruins of Rome and Greek manuscripts
Define Humanism
Intellectual movement focused on human achievements, they also studied classical texts, philosophy, literature
Define Secular
Worldly (not looking at just their city-state but looking everywhere), not bound by religious rule
What is a patron?
A financial supporter of artists, wealthy merchants and church officials were patrons
Describe perspective painting
A way to show three dimensions on a canvas
Name some famous works by Raphael Sanzio
"School of Athens"
Name some famous works by Leonardo da Vinic
"Mona Lisa" "The Last Supper"
Name some famous works by Michelangelo
Sistine Chapel ceiling "The Statue of David"
Define vernacular
Their native language
How did vernacular help introduce intellectual material to the populace?
It helped the less educated in the sense that now even more people can read more and learn more
Who was Niccolo Machiavelli?
Was an author of political guidebook
What famous books did Niccolo Machiavelli write?
"The Prince" he creates a point on the only true way to have the right power is to be tyrant
Who was Thomas Moore?
Was from England and created a model society in the book he wrote
What famous books did Thomas Moore write?
"Utopia" basically his reaction to his own society
Compare and Contrast the Northern and Italian Renaissance
Compare and Contrast Northern and Italian Humanists
The Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance were distinct because Italian humanists were concerned with the individual and secular issues, whilst Northern humanists were concerned with reconstructing society based on Christian ideals.
Who was William Shakespeare?
Born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564, was a playwright and poet
Who was Johann Gutenberg?
Developed the printing press
How did the printing press help expand knowledge and religion to the masses?
It allowed for the quick and cheap book production
What were some criticisms of the Catholic Church during the time period?
- Corrupt leaders
- Indulgences
- Extravagant popes
Define Indulgence
A pardon releasing a person from penalty for a sin
Define Reformation
A movement for religious reform, it rejects the pope's authority
Who was Martin Luther?
Monk, started the Protestant Reformation, writer of the 95 Theses, namesake of Lutheranism
What set of arguments did Martin Luther lay out for church reform?
The 95 Theses
Describe some of Luther's teachings
- People can win salvation by good works and faith
- Christian teachings must be based on the Bible, not the pope
- All people with faith are equal, can interpret the Bible without priests
What is predestination?
God chooses who will be saved
What was the Catholic Reformation
Seeks to reform Catholic Church from within
What was the Council of Trent?
Called by Pope Paul III to lay out reforms
What was discussed at the Council of Trent?
- Church's interpretation of Bible is final
- Christians need faith and good works for salvation
- Bible and Church traditions equally important
- Indulgences are valid expressions of faith
What were the social, religious, and political effects of the Protestant Reformation?
- Catholic Church is unified the Protestant denominations grows
- Catholics and Protestants create school throughout Europe
- Catholic Church's power lessens, power of monarchs and states grow
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