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Hole's Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 19 - Respiratory System

Terms in this set (29)

consists of passages that filter incoming air and transport it into the body, into the lungs, and to the many microscopic air sacs where gases are exchanged
Respiratory system
process of exchanging gases between the atmosphere and body cells
Respiration
Moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing
Ventilation
Exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood
External respiration
Exchange of gases between the blood and body cells
Internal respiration
The nasal cavity is separated by the _____
nasal septum
The function of this is to warm , moisten and filter air
Nasal cavity
air-filled spaces in the skull; reduce the weight of the skull and serve as voice resonant chambers
Sinuses
Is posterior to oral cavity, between the nasal cavity and the larynx, and functions as a passageway for both food and air; also known as the throat
Pharynx
A framework of muscles and cartilage superior to the trachea and inferior to the pharynx; houses the vocal cords
Larynx
opening to the trachea
glottis
Flaplike structure that allows air into the lungs but closes over the trachea during swallowing to prevent food or drink from going into the lungs
Epiglottis
extends downward anterior to the esophagus and into the thoracic cavity; held open by 20 C-shaped cartilage rings
Trachea
- successive divisions of the branches from the trachea to the alveoli
The Bronchial Tree
tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs
Alveoli
soft, spongy, cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity
Lungs
breathing in; also known as inhalation
Inspiration
- rib muscles contract
- diaphragm contracts
-thoracic cavity expands
During inspiration
Air moving out; also known as exhalation
Expiration
can make it difficult for the alveoli to inflate and they can collapse
surface tension
- mixture of lipoproteins
- secreted into the alveoli that helps them to stay open
surfactant
Mainly simple squamous epithelium cells to aid diffusion of gasses, as well as cells which secrete pulmonary surfactant to increase surface tension and prevent collapse
alveolar cells
volume of air that enters or leaves during a single respiratory cycle, under normal conditions
tidal volume
inspiration plus expiration
respiratory cycle
during forced inspiration, air in addition to the resting tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume
during forced expiration, the air expelled beyond resting tidal volume
expiratory reserve volume
amount of air left in the lungs after forced expiration
residual volume
inspiratory reserve volume plus tidal volume, plus expiratory reserve volume
vital capacity
vital capacity ( inspiratory reserve volume plus tidal volume, plus expiratory reserve volume) plus residual volume
total lung capacity
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