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Anatomy and Physiology 1

Terms in this set (41)

Two organ systems are dedicated to internal coordination, communication between the other systems, and maintaining the overall homeostasis of the body. They are the _______ system, which communicates by means of hormones, and the ________system which sends quick electrical and chemical messages from cell to cell.
blank 1: Endocrine
blank2: Nervous
The brain and spinal cord are components of the ______ nervous system, while the nerves and ganglia are components of the ______ nervous system.
blank 1: central
blank2: peripheral
The plural form of ganglion is ______.
ganglia
The sensory division of the PNS is further subdivided into the ______ sensory division, which carries signals from receptors in the skin, muscles, bones, and joints, and the ______ sensory division, which carries signals from organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
somatic, visceral
Taken together, the sensory and motor subdivisions make up which of the following?
Peripheral nervous system
Which two organ systems are primarily responsible for coordinating the other bodily systems so as to maintain homeostasis?
Endocrine system
Nervous system
What are the two major anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system?
Central and peripheral nervous systems
The motor division is also called the ______ division.
efferent
the knotlike swelling in a nerve where neuron cell bodies are found is called a(n)
Blank 1: ganglion, Ganglion, or ganglia
Another term for sensory division is ______ division.
Multiple choice question.
afferent
The sensory and motor divisions of the peripheral nervous system are further split into which two subdivisions?
Somatic and visceral
What are the two divisions of the visceral motor division?
Multiple choice question.
sympathetic and parasympathetic
Which division of the PNS carries signals from the CNS to glands and muscle cells?
Motor
Which fundamental physiological property of neurons allows them to send signals quickly over long distances?
Conductivity
Which terms refers to the part of the PNS that carries signals from various receptors to the CNS?
Sensory division
Neurons that convey information to the CNS (indicated by the arrow labeled A) are called sensory neurons, or _______ neurons.
Afferent
The visceral motor division of the PNS is also called the autonomic division. Which of the following are functions of this division?
Stimulating smooth muscle
Accelerating or decreasing heartbeat
Controlling gland secretio
The release of a neurotransmitter is an example of which physiological property exhibited by a neuron?
Secretion
Which term describes all neurons that carry signals towards the CNS?
Afferent
Which type of neuron lies entirely within the CNS and carries out the integrative function of the nervous system?
Interneuron
Which term is another name for the autonomic nervous system?
Visceral motor division
Which term is used to describe motor neurons because they send signals away from the CNS and out to muscle and gland cells?
Multiple choice question.
Efferent
Which are names for the cell body of a neuron?
-neurosoma
-soma
List the fundamental physiological properties of neurons.
Excitability, conductivity, secretion
The processes that branch from the somas of most neurons are called ______.
dendrites
Another term for sensory division is ______ division.
afferent
Which process of a neuron is specialized for rapid conduction of nerve signals to structures relatively far away from the neuron cell body?
Axon
The arrow labeled A is pointing to which type of neuron in this diagram?
Interneuron
What are the effectors of motor neurons?
muscle and gland cells
Which term applies to the small swellings at the distal end of the axon of a neuron that contain synaptic vesicles?
Axon terminals
The ______ (the cell body of a neuron) gives rise to branch-like processes called ______, which are the primary sites for receiving signals from other neurons.
neurosoma, dendrites
______are the processes of a neuron that usually receive signals from other neurons.
Dendrites
Neurons with numerous dendrites and a single axon are structurally classified as which of the following?
Multipolar
Axon hillock
Axoplasm
Axolemma
Axon collateral
1.A mound located on one side of the soma from which the axon originates
2.Cytoplasm of the axon
3.Plasma membrane of the axon
4.Branch that originates from an axon
Which type of neuron has one single process that branches like a T into a peripheral fiber and a central fiber?
Unipolar
Which are usually found inside the cell body (or soma) of a mature neuron?
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
During axonal transport, motor proteins transport material as they crawl along microtubules. Match the type of axonal transport with its corresponding motor protein.
Kinesin
Dynein
1.Anterograde transport
2.Retrograde transport
______cells protect the neurons and help them function.
Multiple choice question.
Glial
Which type of axonal transport involves movement up the axon toward the soma?
Retrograde
Which glial cell produces and helps circulate cerebrospinal fluid?
Ependymal cells
What is the approximate ratio of glial cells to neurons?
10:1
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