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Chemistry Chapter 8

Terms in this set (21)

precipitate
a solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction
coefficient
A number in front of a chemical formula in an equation that indicates how many molecules or atoms of each reactant and product are involved in a reaction.
formula equation
a representation of the reactants and products of a chemical reaction by their symbols or formulas
reversible reaction
a chemical reaction in which the products re-form the original reactants
synthesis reaction
a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound
decomposition reaction
a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances
electrolysis
the decomposition of a substance by an electric current
single-displacement reaction
a reaction in which atoms of one element take the place of atoms of another element in a compound
double-displacement reaction
When the positive ion of one compound replaces the positive ion of another to form two new compounds.
combustion reaction
a chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light
activity series
a list of elements organized according to the ease with which the elements undergo certain chemical reactions
reactant
original substances in a chemical reaction
product
new substances formed in a chemical reaction
law of conservation of mass
The principle that the total amount of matter is constant during any physical or chemical change (matter is neither created nor destroyed during these types of changes).
Physical indicators of a chemical reaction
energy release (heat and light)
gas formation (bubbles)
precipitate (solid)
color change
Chemical equations must satisfy what law?
law of conservation of mass
Three things chemical equations show
relative amounts
masses
progression of chemical reactions
steps to balance chemical equation
1 - word equation (identify names of reactant and products)
2 - formula equation (correct formulas for words)
3 - balance equation (look at each element on both sides to assure equal
4 - count atoms to be sure balanced
oxide
combination of Oxygen and another element
sulfide
combination of sulfur and another element
displacement of a metal compound by another metal
if one metal is more reactive than another metal the more reactive metal will often replace the less active meta in an aqueous solution
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