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Cervical & Thoracic test Kahoot

Terms in this set (47)

How many bones make up the spinal column in an adult?
a. 33
b. 36
c. 26
d. 28
c. 26
Which of the following is the first compensatory spinal curvature to develop in the young child?
a. thoracic
b. sacral
c. cervical
d. lumbar
c. cervical
The spinal cord tapers off to a point distally at the vertebral level of:
a. lower L5
b. L1-L2
c. L3-L4 interspace
d. L4-L5 interspace
b. L1-L2
Scoliosis is defined as an abnormal or exaggerated _____ curvature.
a. concave
b. lateral
c. convex
d. "swayback" lumbar
b. lateral
Kyphosis is defined as a(n):
a. normal lumbar curvature
b. normal compensatory curve of thoracic spine
c. normal convex sacral curvature
d. abnormal thoracic curvature with increased convexity
d. abnormal thoracic curvature with increased convexity
The most posterior aspect of a typical vertebra is the:
a. pedicle
b. lamina
c. spinous process
d. body
c. spinous process
The joints between articular processes of vertebra are termed ___ joints
a. zygapophyseal
b. intervertebral
c. fibrous
d. synarthroidial
a. zygapophyseal
Which of the following features makes the cervical vertebra unique as compared with other vertebra of the spine?
a. transverse foramina
b. bifid tip on spinous processes
c. overlapping vertebral bodies
d. all of the options
d. all of the options
Where is the articular pillar located on a cervical vertebra?
a. btwn the superior & inferior articular processes
b. btwn the spinous process and lamina
c. btwn the pedicle and the body
d. nowhere
a. btwn the superior & inferior articular processes
Which of the following best defines or describes the vertebral body of C1?
a. the smallest of all vertebral bodies
b. a large bony mass
c. a column of bone supported by an intervertebral disk
d. there is no body at C1
d. there is no body at C1
Which of the following thoracic vertebra possess(es) no facets for costotransverse joints?
a. T9-T10
b. T1
c. T11-T12
d. none of the options
c. T11-T12
The zyga joints for the typical cervical vertebra lie at an angle of __ in relation to the midsagittal plane.
a. 45 degrees
b. 70-75 degrees
c. 60 degrees
d. 90 degrees
d. 90 degrees
Which aspect of the intervertebral disk is composed of semigelatinous material?
a. nucleus pulposus
b. conus medullaris
c. annulus fibrosus
d. cauda equina
a. nucleus pulposus
Which of these statements is true?
a. all adult vertebrae are separated by intervertebral disks.
b. intervertebral disks are tightly bound to the bodies to prevent movement
c. all t-spine vertebrae have either a facet or demifacets for rib articulation
d. all of the options
c. all t-spine vertebrae have either a facet or demifacets for rib articulation
Which of the following statements is true for a typical adult vertebra?
a. transverse processes extend laterally from junction of pedicles and laminae
b. the spinous process extends posteriorly from the body of the vertebra
c. transverse processes are present only on thoracic vertebrae w rib joints
d. all of the options
c. transverse processes are present only on thoracic vertebrae w rib joints
The bony structures connected directly to the vertebral body are the:
a. pedicles
b. laminae
c. articular processes
d. transverse processes
a. pedicles
The most prominent aspect of the thyroid cartilage corresponds to the vertebral level of:
a. C5
b. C1-2
c. C6-7
d. C7-T1
a. C5
The zyga joints for the thoracic spine lie at an angle of __ in relation to the midsagittal plane
a. 45 degrees
b. 70-75 degrees
c. 60 degrees
d. 90 degrees
b. 70-75 degrees
T2-3 intervertebral disk space is found:
a. at the level of the jugular notch
b. at the level of the xiphoid process
c. at the level of the sternal angle
d. 2 inches below jugular notch
a. at the level of the jugular notch
The gonion corresponds to the vertebral level of:
a. C1
b. C3
c. C4-5
d. C7
b. C3
Which factor is most important to open up the intervertebral joint spaces for a lateral thoracic spine projection?
a. use sufficiently high kVp
b. keep the vertebral column parallel to the tabletop
c. collimate the spine region to reduce scatter
d. angle the CR 5-10 degrees caudad
b. keep the vertebral column parallel to the tabletop
Which position/projection of the cervical spine will best demonstrate the zyga joint spaces between C1 and C2?
a. AP axial
b. 45 degree PA/AP oblique
c. lateral
d. AP open mouth
d. AP open mouth
Along with the upper incisors, what other bony landmark must be aligned for the AP open-mouth projection?
a. base of the skull
b. inferior margin of lower incisors
c. tip of the mandible
d. thyroid cartilage
a. base of the skull
What type of CR angulation is required for an AP axial projection for the cervical spine?
a. none, the CR is perp. to the IR
b. 15-20 degrees cephalad
c. 5-10 degrees cephalad
d. 15-20 degrees caudad
b. 15-20 degrees cephalad
Why are the anterior oblique projections (RAO/LAO) preferred over the posterior oblique projections of the cervical?
a. to make the patient more comfortable
b. to prevent overlap of the mandible over the spine
c. to reduce the thyroid dose
d. to place the zyga joint closer to the IR
c. to reduce the thyroid dose
Which of the following positions will demonstrate the left intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine?
a. RAO
b. Lateral
c. LPO
d. LAO
d. LAO
Which of the following is NOT a correct evaluation criterion for the AP axial C-spine projection?
a. C3-T2 vertebral bodies should be visualized
b. CR is at the lower margin of the thyroid cartilage
c. Spinous processes are seen equal distances from the vertebral body borders
d. All of the options are correct
b. CR is at the lower margin of the thyroid cartilage
Which of the following factors does not apply to a lateral projection of the cervical spine?
a. use a 72 inch SID
b. perform horizontal beam lateral projection if trauma is suspected
c. suspend respiration upon full inspiration prior to exposure
d. center CR to thyroid cartilage
c. suspend respiration upon full inspiration prior to exposure
The chin is extended for a lateral projection of the cervical spine to:
a. open up the C1-2 joint space
b. open up the intervertebral joint space
c. demonstrate the articular pillars
d. prevent superimposition of the mandible upon the spine
d. prevent superimposition of the mandible upon the spine
What CR angle is recommended when performing the AP axial projection for patient with kyphosis of the cervical spine?
a. 15 degrees cephalad
b. 15 degrees caudad
c. 20 degrees cephalad
d. 25 degrees cephalad
c. 20 degrees cephalad
What type of CR angle is required for posterior oblique (LPO/RPO) positions of the cervical spine?
a. 15 degrees cephalad
b. 5-10 degrees cephalad
c. 15 degrees caudad
d. none, the CR is perp. to IR
a. 15 degrees cephalad
Which of the factors will enhance visibility of the vertebral bodies during a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?
a. use a high kVp
b. use an orthostatic breathing technique
c. increased SID
d. flex the spine
b. use an orthostatic breathing technique
Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the left zyga joint for the thoracic spine?
a. LPO
b. RAO
c. RPO
d. Lateral
c. RPO
How much rotation of the body is required for an LAO projection of the thoracic spine (from the plane of the table)?
a. 20 degrees
b. 50-60 degrees
c. 45 degrees
d. 70 degrees
d. 70 degrees
Which of the following projections will project the dens within the shadow of the foreman magnum?
a. AP open mouth
b. Twining method
c. AP Fuchs method
d. none of the above
c. AP Fuchs method
An AP axial projection of the C-spine shows at the intervertebral joint space is not open. Used 5° cephalad angle, how improve?
a. keep the CR perp. to the IR
b. center the CR to the gonion
c. increase the SID to 72 inch.
d. increase the CR angulation
d. increase the CR angulation
An AP thoracic spine projection reveals that the upper thoracic spine is overexposed. How to improve on repeat exposure?
a. place the upper spine under the cathode side of the tube
b. increase the kVp to decrease the contrast of the upper spine
c. use the compensating (wedge) filter
d. use a breathing technique
c. use the compensating (wedge) filter
A lateral thoracic spine reveals that there is excessive density along the posterior aspect of the spine. How to improve?
a. use higher speed screens and film
b. use a higher grid ratio
c. increase the kVp, lower the mAs
d. place a lead mat on the tabletop just posterior to the patient
d. place a lead mat on the tabletop just posterior to the patient
An AP open mouth projection reveals the base of the skull is superimposed over the dens. What error lead to outcome?
a. excessive flexion of the skull
b. excessive CR angulation
c. excessive extension of the skull
d. rotation of the skull
c. excessive extension of the skull
A lateral projection of the C-spine reveals the mandible is superimposed over the spine. What to do to prevent?
a. elevate the chin to place the acanthiomeatal line (AML) parallel w floor
b. angle the CR 3-5 degrees caudad
c. rotate the skull 20-30 degrees towards the IR
d. have the patient hold 5-10 lbs. in each hand
a. elevate the chin to place the acanthiomeatal line (AML) parallel w floor
An RAO of the cervical spine reveals that only the lower intravertebral foramina are not open. What is the error?
a. excessive CR angulation
b. insufficient rotation of the lower body
c. insufficient CR angulation
d. incorrect CR placement
b. insufficient rotation of the lower body
AP open mouth image shows that the base of the skull and incisors are superimposed. What to do on repeat exposure?
a. increase skull flexion
b. perform the Fuchs or Judd method
c. increase skull extension
d. perform the AP chewing method
b. perform the Fuchs or Judd method
Patient is on spine board with collar. Tech is worried about collar artifact. What should tech do in this situation?
a. leave the collar on during the exposure
b. ask the patient to remove the collar herself (for liability reasons)
c. remove the cervical collar but be careful not to move the patients head
d. ask nurse to remove the collar and hold the patients head during exposure
a. leave the collar on during exposure
Lateral projection of T spine shows T1-3 is obscured by patient shoulders. Which will best show this region?
a. use a compensating filter and repeat the exposure with increased kVp
b. perform with the patient erect and holding weights in hand during exposure
c. angle the CR 10-15 degrees cephalad
d. perform a swimmers lateral position
d. perform a swimmers lateral position
Initial images of a trauma C-spine show no fracture or subluxation. MD is concerned for whiplash. Which routine would be ideal?
a. patient in the swimmers lateral position
b. patient in hyperflexion and hyperextension lateral position
c. oblique projections of the cervical spine
d. AP Ottonello method
b. patient in hyperflexion and hyperextension lateral position
Routine T spine images are done for arthritis, RAD request additional views for zyga joints. Which position would show best?
a. Pillar view projection of interest region
b. Spot AP and lateral projections of interest region
c. Swimmers lateral projection
d. 70 degree oblique projections
d. 70 degree oblique projections
What is the recommended kVp range for thoracic spine projections when using digital systems?
a. 70-80 kVp
b. 75-85 kVp
c. 60-70 kVp
d. 110-120 kVp
b. 75-85 kVp
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