Micro Biology exam 3 Lectures 21-27 review questions

Term
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to nosocomial infections?

a. compromised host
b. chain of transmission
c. microorganisms in hospital environment
d. none of these
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Terms in this set (28)
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to nosocomial infections?

a. compromised host
b. chain of transmission
c. microorganisms in hospital environment
d. none of these
d. none of these
Nosocomial infections are primarily transmitted through _____ transmission.

a. vehicle
b. contact
c. vector-mechanical
d. vector-biological
b. contact
Which of the following measures is NOT used to prevent nosocomial infections?

a. aseptic technique
b. frequent handwashing
c. increased use of antibiotics
d. education of staff
c. increased use of antibiotics
Emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to _____.

A) antibiotic resistance.
B) climatic changes.
C) new strains of previously known agents.
D) ease of travel.
E) the emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of these.
e.) the emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of these.
The spread of disease agents via contaminated water is an example of _____ transmission.

a. mechanical
b. direct contact
c. vehicle
d. biological
c.) vehicle
Which of the following strains of Legionella pneumophila most easily causes an infection?

A) Strain A ID50=200 cfu
B) Strain B ID50=5000 cfu
C) Strain C ID50=50 cfu
D) Strain D ID50=500 cfu
E) Can't tell
c.) Strain C ID50=50 cfu
Poliovirus is ingested and gains access to tissues by which of the following portal of entries?

A) Skin
B) Mucous membranes
C) Parenteral
D) All of these
E) None of these
b.) Mucous membranes
Which of the following is not a protein?

A) Exotoxin
B) Endotoxin
C) Toxoid
D) Antitoxin
E) Antibody
b.) endotoxin
Clostridium tetani causes the disease tetanus by producing a neurotoxin which is a(an)___.

a. endotoxin.
b. exotoxin.
c. capsule.
d. LPS.
b.) exotoxin
Which of the following is considered as a bacterial virulence factor?

A) A membrane disrupting enzyme
B) Cell wall components
C) Toxin
D) Bactrial factors involved in the adhesion of bacteria to host cells
E) all of these
e.) all of these
Innate immunity A) is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens. B) is nonspecific and present at birth. C) involves a memory component. D) involves T cells and B cells. E) provides increased susceptibility to disease.b.) is nonspecific and present at birthWhich host defense is more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria? a. mucus b. sebum c. gastric juice d. lysozymed.) lysozymeThe main functions of inflammation are: A. Destroy the injurious agent. B. Limit the effect if destruction is not possible. C. Repair or replace the tissue damage. D. All of these. E. None of these.d.) all of theseThe classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by A) lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3. B) C5 and C9. C) antigen and antibody interactions. D) factors released from phagocytes. E) factors released from damaged tissues.c.) antigen and antibody interactionsAll of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT A) They bind to the surface of uninfected cells. B) They bind to viruses to kill them. C) They initiate manufacture of antiviral proteins. D) They interfere with various stages of viral multiplication. E) They initiate cellular transcription of antiviral genes.b.) they bind to viruses to kill themHow many antigen-binding sites does IgG have? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 10a. 2How many antigen-binding sites does IgM have? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 10e. 10Which of the following antibodies is the most abundant in serum? a. IgA b. IgG c. IgM d. IgD E. IgEb.) IgGIn opsonization, antigens that are coated with antibodies are susceptible to ____. a. B cells. b. T helper cells. c. phagocytosis. d. complement.c.) phagocytosisIgG antibodies inactivate microbes by blocking their attachment to host cells in the binding process known as a. neutralization. b. agglutination. c. antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. d. opsonization.a.) neutralizationPlasma cells are formed after the proliferation of which type of cell? a. B cell b. T cell c. memory cell d. monocytea. B cellA toxoid, such as the tetanus toxoid, conveys _____ immunity. a. naturally acquired active b. naturally acquired passive c. artificially acquired active d. artificially acquired passivec. artificially acquired activeWhat type of immunity is conveyed when exposed individuals are given antibodies by injection? a. naturally acquired active b. naturally acquired passive c. artificially acquired active d. artificially acquired passived. artificially acquired passiveWhich of the followings could be used as a vaccine strategy? A. Live attenuated whole agent. B. Inactivated (dead) whole agent. C. Subunit - often the viral surface protein. D. Toxoid. E. All of these.e.) all of themWhich vaccines more closely mimic an actual infection? a. attenuated whole-agent b. inactivated whole-agent c. subunit d. conjugateda.) attenuated whole-agentWhich of the following vaccines use ONLY the antigenic components of a microorganism that best stimulate an immune response? A. nucleic acid vaccines B. conjugated vaccines C. subunit vaccines D. inactivated killed vaccinesc.) subunit vaccinesWhich of the following is a nonimmunological test? a. ELISA b. PCR c. Western blot d. FACSb.) PCRWhich of the following methods uses antibodies to reveal not only the identities but also the sizes of specific proteins? a. ELISA b. PCR c. Western blot d. FACSc.) western blot