micro lab exam II

how do bacteria move? what is the purpose of motility?
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Terms in this set (54)
how do bacteria move? what is the purpose of motility?
gliding; move to favorable environments or away from less favorable ones
what is most common form of propulsion by bacteria?
use of one or several flagella
media that are used to demonstrate motility contain a _________ concentration of agar (between ___% and ____%) compared to regular agar plates (____%)
lower; .4; .5; 1.5
triple sugar iron agar is a ________ medium that contains _________, __________, a small amount of ____________, ferrous __________, and the pH indicator _________ _________
differential lactose sucrose glucose sulfate phenol red
TSI is used to differentiate members of the __________________ family based on the ability to reduce _________ and ferment ________________
enterobacteriaceae sulfur carbohydrates
if an organism can ferment any of the 3 sugars, the TSI medium will turn ________. if an organism can only ferment dextrose, the medium in those areas turns _______, indicating _________ conditions. the anaerobic areas will remain __________.
yellow red alkaline yellow
in a TSI slant, if an organism can reduce sulfur, the hydrogen sulfide gas which is produced will react with the iron to form iron sulfide, appearing as a __________ ____________. some _____________ took place
black precipitate fermentation
if the fermentation produced gas in a TSI slant, you may see ________
cracks
TSI slants should be read after an incubation of ________hours
24
EMB is a ___________ to gram-__________ and differential
selective negative
EMB contains __________, ___________, two _________, ___________, and _________ acid source, and the dyes __________ Y and ___________ bluelactose sucrose sugars peptone amino eosin methyleneon EMB, _______ lactose fermentation produces acids, which ________ the pH and stimulates dye absorption by the colonies that will develop a dark ________ color on the colonies.quick lowers purplein EMB, _______ lactose fermenters will develop a _________ _________ sheen on the surface of the colonies due to the metachromatic properties of the dyes in an _________ environmentavid metallic green acidicin EMB, organisms that are _______ lactose fermenters will use the _________ for growth and the deamination of amino acids can _________ the pH of the medium. colonies will appear ________ or ___________ on the plateslow peptone increase pink translucenton EMB, growth and color change can be seen after ______ hours, however it can be incubated for ________24 48the indole test is performed to determine the ability of the organism to produce ________ from the essential amino acid _____________indole tryptophanthe indole test used indole ________ and the presence of indole is detected by the addition of ________ drops of _________ reagentbroth 10 kovac'sa positive indole test is shown by the presence of a _______-_______ color on the __________. a negative test appears __________red violet surface yellowindole tests can be incubated for _____ hours48in the durham fermentation test (carbohydrates fermentation), acid production is identified by a change in the _______ of the media containing either _________ or _________, besides _______ extract and gelatin _________, and the pH indicator ______________ bluecolor glucose lactose beef peptone bromothymol(carbohydrates fermentation) in ________ conditions bromothymol blue changes to ________acid yellow(carbohydrates fermentation) to evaluate gas production, a small test tube is submerged _______ _______ in the culture tube to trap ________ ________ that might be _________ fermentationupside down gas bubbles releasedthe durham fermentation test can be incubated for _______ hours48simmon's citrate agar is used for the _________ _________ test and is a _________ medium that tests for an organism's ability to utilize ________ as a sole _______ source and ammonium ions as the sole _________ sourcecitrate utilization selective citrate carbon nitrogenthe citrate utilization test also contains the pH indicator ___________ _______ which is green at a pH below ______ then turns blue at a pH of _______ or greaterbromothymol blue 6.9 7.6(citrate utilization) the change in pH will occur with the ___________ of citrate, when carbon dioxide combines with ________ and _________ to form sodium bicarbonate, an ________ product that changes the color of the mediumdegradation sodium water alkalinevoges-proskauer test utilizes 2 reagents, A and B. A consists of ___% alpha-naphtol dissolved in _______ and B consists of ___% potassium hydroxide dissolved in _______5 ethanol 40 water(VP test) the reagents react with _______, oxidizing it to a _______ compound, forming a ______ complex that gives a ______ color to the mediaacetoin diacetyl pink rosethe VP test is used to __________ species of the ____________________ familydifferentiate enterobacteriaceae(VP test) after at least _____ hours, add ____ drops of reagent A and ____ drops of reagent B48 12 5urea can be utilized as a source of __________ by organisms that are able to ________ it, producing _____, water, and _________nitrogen hydrolyze CO2 ammoniathe urease test uses ______ _______ which contains _______ extract, two sources of __________, and the pH indicator ________ ________urea broth yeast phosphate phenol redurease activity will be observed by the change in _______. the phenol red will change from ________-________ to ________ as urea is _____________ and ammonia _____________, turning the medium __________color salmon orange fuchsia degraded accumulates alkalineurease test can be incubated for ________ hours48hemolytic activity is the ______ and destruction of _____ _______ ______lysis red blood cellsthe blood agar plate is _________ medium prepared with ___% citrated _______ blood which is rich in __________ and _______enriched 5 sheep proteins ironhemolytic activity test is useful to distinguish between the different types of gram________ cocci, mainly within the genre _______________, _______________, and _____________positive streptococcus enterococcus aerococcusalpha hemolysis is ___________ hemolysis caused by ____________ ___________ produced by the bacterium, oxidizing ____________ to green _________________. you will see a _________ zone of __-__ mm around the coloniesincomplete hydrogen peroxide hemoglobin methemoglobin green 1 3beta hemolysis is __________ lysis of the _______ blood cells in the media resulting in a ___________ to ___________ halo around the coloniescomplete red yellow transparentbeta hemolysis uses the enzyme ___________ that occurs in O and S types. O is an oxygen __________ cytotoxin and usually results in hemolysis _______ the ________ of blood agar. S is an oxygen _________ cytotoxin that will work on the ________ of the agarstreptolysin sensitive under surface stable surfacegamma hemolysis is _________ hemolysis. agar is ___________no unchangedwhat tests use gram negative bacteria?TSI, EMB, indole, durham fermentation, citrate, VP, ureasethe tellurite-glycine agar medium contains the carbohydrate ___________ besides ___________ tellurite and ___________ chloride and ___________ between S. ____________ and S. _______ speciesmannitol potassium lithium differentiates epidermidis aureusthe TGA test differentiates between _____________ positive (aureus) and and negative (epidermidis). organisms with the ability to ferment _________ and _________ tellurite will produce a precipitate that turns the colonies _________coagulase mannitol reduce blackincubate TGA tests for ______ hours24catalase is an __________ that breaks down ______ to produce water and ________ gas.exoenzyme H2O2 oxygenthe catalase test utilizes the ______ plate and a drop of ___% H2O2. the development of _________ indicates the __________ of the enzymeeugon 3 bubbles presencethe test used to identify DNase activity uses a medium that contains ________ and __________. DNA can be utilized as a source of __________ and ________ for growthDNA nutrients carbon energyDNase production may ________ virulence and help bacteria that produce the enzyme to evade _____________ actionincrease neutrophils(DNase test) add several drops of __________. if the plate develops a _________ appearance in the presence of HCL, then DNA is still present in the medium meaning ______ enzyme activity. if a ________ halo develops around the colonies, it means the enzyme ___________ _________1M HCL cloudy no clear hydrolyzed DNAbile esculin agar is used to __________ bile-resistant organisms based on their ability to _________ the compound __________ to __________ and __________differentiate hydrolyse esculin esculetin dextrose(bile esculin) esculetin reacts with _______ present in the medium to form a dark _______ or ________ precipitate that stains colonies and _________ mediumiron brown black surroundingbile is present as a _________ agentselectivewhat tests are used for gram positive bacteria?hemolytic, TGA, catalase, DNase, bile esculin