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English Unit 2 Test

Terms in this set (31)

patrick henry
speech in the virginia convention
age of reason- 4 points
1. optimistic about humans-people are by nature good and worthy
2. little interest in the afterlife-focus on here and now
3. social contract- basis of government
4. belief in power of reason/ logic over faith

5. belief in moderation and mortality
6. use of elegant, ornate language(moving away from simple writing)
three persuasive techniques in a speech in the virginia convention
concession- he declares respect for theose that disapproved, he shows he has thought about their side
flattery- he calls his audience wise and worthy
allusion- "betrayal by a kiss"- he compares Britain's peace offerings to judas' betrayal of Jesus and the obyssey- circe's relationship with men to Britain's relationship with the colonists
metaphor- situation w/ british compared to slavery and storm that cannot be avoided
says god is on their side
patrick henry's motive
convince colonists to go to war
thomas pain
the crisis, number one
background of thomas paine
he wrote common sense-argued that americans must fight for independence
william cobbett- lost thomas paine's bones
motive for thomas paine
inspire troops
most important strategy for thomas paine
1.justifications of the war- strong with amboy tavern keeper(he never had his son in mind when doing things)-he is holding the child's hand but says "give me peace in my day"
-paine says war is inevitable so they should fight now so children didnt have to

2.he compares offensive and defensive war-offensive war justified through analogy- thief breaking into a house is the same as king/army attacking a country- colonists have right to protect homes
other strategies for thomas paine
1. appeals to sense of freedom
simile- tyranny is like hell
metaphor- to stay with Britain would be like slavery
2. god is on their side
3. aphorism- brief statements expressing general truths
"the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph"
"what we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly"- battle difficult but freedom worth fighting for
benjamin franklin
speech in the convention, the autobiography, and poor richards almanac
speech of the convention motive
trying to convince his audience to sign the constitution
strategies in speech of the convention
1. concession-honesty-he acknowledges the other side and admits he had problems with the document
2. humility-says he doubts his initial judgements
3. says all people think they are right, but its not possible for everyone to be right, he uses humor with the french lady who says she is the only person who is right to show absurdity of our arrogance
4. government is necessary- must have some form of guidelines- no document can be perfect because it has flaws of mail yet this is so close to perfect (flatters audience)
5. need to sign document to appear united against enemies who are waiting for them to fail
allusion to babel-if dont sign it, they will fail as people of Babel failed in building the tower(god made them all speak a different lang. so they wouldnt finish)
-advises them not to speak of any doubts to anyone
the autobiography motive
to reach moral perfection
autobiography plan
13 virtues and conquer one at a time-he focuses on one per week while keeping all previous virtues intact
autobiography(def.)
persons account of his/her own life
logical strategy
(simile)- he is like a gardner who weeds one bed at a time
what virtue did he have trouble with?
order because his career required spontanity and he had such a good memory that he didnt need to be organized
-he accepts his wn flaws- compares himself to the man who prefers a speckled ax in a simile
how he justifies failure with perfection
-he will be ridiculous if he keeps trying something futile(ineffective)
-he will lose friends- peple are alienated if too perfect BUT he feels it was a worthy goal-he was a better and happier man for it
poor richards almanac characters
pseudonym- pen name- false name assumed by author- silence dogood(name used)
persona- second self created by an author and through whom the narrative is told
aphorisms in poor richards almanac
1.education- needed to be wise, never too late to get an education, never ends, necessary even if you are smart
2. friendship- choose your friends wisely, fight hard to keep friends, take time to make friends
3. not procrastinating- be active, do things now, don't wait til tomorrow, don't just speak, act
phillis wheatley
"to his excellency, general washington" and "an hymn to the evening"
motive to his excellency, george washington
praising american and washington as the leader of america's army
personification, allusion, simile, and symbols in george washington story
1. personification- heavens face, nations gaze, mother natures offspring, columbia-america, personified as a woman, ocean is astonished, autumns golden reign, britannia droops pensive head
2. allusion-Eolus- greek god of wind
-crown, mansion, and throne- biblical allusion-rewards in heaven
3. simile-america's armies are as powerful as the wind(wind can deform heaven's face and astonish the ocean)
-america's armies are as numbered as leaves
4. symbol- olive-peace
laurel-victory
in the picture the woman is wearing each of these things
an hymn to the evening- imagery
the use of language that appeals to one or more of the 5 senses
1st stanza-
sight= sunrise, birds, rain
sound=thunder and birds
smell=incense of springs blooms
touch= rain, wind

2nd stanza-
appeals to sight, living temples references people
an hymn to the evening- personification and allusions
personification- wind exhales the incense, night personified as it holds a scepter
allusion- aurora- roman goddess of dawn
an hymn to the evening-motive
praising evening as time for rejuvenating and peace, purifies people so they can do work in the morning
crèvecoeur
letters from an american farmer
letters from an american farmer's characters
persona- farmer james-writing letters to Mr. F. B.
-coined the term melting pot
crèvecoeur's motive
to get people to leave europe- says they should leave europe because the plants are withering away(no social laws allowing them to flourish)
-if come to us they will be like plants that flourish (social laws allow them to receive merits of their labor)

-believes people will be motivated by self interest
how does crèvecoeur define america
blend of european races who has cast away rejudices yet holds onto progressive culture of the east
epistle(crèvecoeur)
work of literature created for general publication but written in the form of a personal letter writing to encourage immigration
-contrasts the right to keep what one earns against the feudal system(allusion) "prince, abbot, lord"
-believes people will be motivated by self interest
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