intro to clinical psych 2

A new measure of eating-disorder symptoms is found to have an alpha (α) of .9 and a correlation of .15 with diagnostic classifications based on the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE), a structured interview that diagnoses eating disorders. The new measure has:
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A new measure of eating-disorder symptoms is found to have an alpha (α) of .9 and a correlation of .15 with diagnostic classifications based on the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE), a structured interview that diagnoses eating disorders. The new measure has:
High reliability and low validity
Imagine that scores on the "Clinician Assessment of Potential Suicidal Behavior" are found to correlate well with a measure of Depression (r = .6) but less well with a measure of Introversion (r = .23). This shows:
A and B

convergent validity
discriminant validity
Suppose that you use a very low cutoff score on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) to identify college students who will be offered free individual treatment. What are the disadvantages associated with this cutoff selection?
A and C

a large number of students will be offered treatment, which could be expensive

you potentially pathologize normal drinking behavior (make it seem abnormal)
Because suicide is a low base rate event, we expect that even an excellent assessment method will show:
Far more false positives than true positives
A client who is not depressed is diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder. This is an example of a:
False positive
When using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), sensitivity is
the proportion of those with an alcohol-use disorder who are correctly detected by AUDIT
Which of the following statements about prediction of violent recidivism among incarcerated men are TRUE?
A and B

On average, actuarial methods outperform clinical methods
Actuarial approaches moderately predict violent recidivism among incarcerated men
All of the following are components of a comprehensive actuarial approach to violence risk assessment and prediction EXCEPT:
Calculating risk estimates based on clinical experience and judgment
Which of the following are major ethical concerns in clinical assessment and prediction??
A, B, and C

Frequent use of strategies that have not been shown to have adequate empirical support
The low reliability, validity, and predictive ability of many clinical (versus actuarial) approaches
Inadequate recognition of biases and boundaries of competence
A child often throws temper tantrums in class when the teacher tells him to clean up his toys. The teacher most commonly gives in and cleans up for the child. From a functional behavioral assessment perspective, the teacher cleaning up for the child is an example of WHAT?
Consequence
Which of the following is NOT assessed during the SCID Interview for DSM-5 Panic Disorder, as illustrated in class?Whether the relatives of the client have panic attacksWhich of the following is TRUE of a clinical interview??A clinician may consider case formulation and treatment-planning issues during an interviewWhich of the following statements is TRUE??A, B, and C Behavioral observation can help mental-health professionals identify the antecedents of problematic behavior. Behavioral observation can help mental-health professionals identify the function (or consequences) of problematic behavior. Behavioral observation can help mental-health professionals determine how best to help a client.Psychologists often describe behavior as part of a sequence. This sequence is:Antecedents -> Behaviors -> ConsequencesYour client has severe social anxiety. You go to work with your client one day to watch them give a speech in front of their office, so you can watch how your client manages the stressor. This is called a(n):Naturalistic behavioral observation__________ is a change in behavior caused purely by self-monitoring.ReactivityThe potential weaknesses of self-monitoring are:A, C, and D Inaccuracy Low validity Low reliabilityWhich of the following is FALSE?Reliability is higher for naturalistic than structured observationsThe WAIS profile below indicates thatThe respondent's full-scale IQ is in the average rangeWhich of the following is TRUE?The General Ability Index is less influenced by impairment than the Full Scale IQ on the WAIS-IVAll of the following are subscales included in the current version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale except:Matrix ReasoningWhich of the following is FALSE?None of the above a) The WAIS-IV uses norm-referenced assessment (true) b) The average IQ for age is 100 (true) c) Genetic influences on intelligence are polygenic (true) d) Both genetic and environmental factors influence WAIS-IV scoresAccording to the research literature, a person with a high IQ score will most likely:Get a jobThe WAIS-IV is based on a(n) _________ model of intelligenceHierarchicalThe WAIS-IV can be used for what purpose(s)?all of the above a) To determine (in part) when persons receive academic or work accommodations b) For academic planning (e.g., whether eligible for gifted classrooms) c) To track changes over time in intellectual functioning d) To predict future achievement, such as grades in schoolWhich WAIS-IV scale assesses spatial processing and visual-motor integration?Perceptual ReasoningA T-score of 90 on the F or FB scale of the MMPI-2 indicatesThat the respondent may be over-reporting symptomsWhich of the following is TRUE about the MMPI-2?All of the above a) It shows high reliability and validity b) It is able to detect untruthful responses c) It contains a large number of true/false items d) Clinical and content scales are used to indicate clinically relevant issuesConcerns regarding personality disorder diagnoses in DSM-IV and the main body of DSM-5 include:Extensive comorbidity among personality disordersWe would expect that someone who deliberately under-reports difficulties on the MMPI-2 would show a high ______ scale score.LThe purely Empirical Approach to constructing a measure (such as the first version of the MMPI)??Includes items only if responses discriminate between clinical and control groupsThe proposed (but rejected) model for personality disorders in DSM-5:Allows trait-specified diagnosis of personality disorderWhich of the following is FALSE?A and D Evidence-based assessments are used far less than is desirable in real-world settings Actuarial assessment strategies on average are superior to clinical assessment strategiesWhat are some potential explanations for many clinicians' reluctance to use an actuarial approach to clinical assessment and prediction that we discussed in class??A and B An actuarial approach is perceived to be de-humanizing to clients Actuarial approaches aren't available for all circumstancesResearch indicates that the most accurate method of assessment and prediction is: ??Relying on an actuarial equation when available and appropriate.What does the research tell us about why clinicians are less accurate on average than actuarial methods?All of the above a) Humans tend to ignore base rates b) Humans typically don't receive adequate feedback on the accuracy of their judgments c) Humans are poor at integrating complex information in an optimal and consistent fashion d) Humans are subjective to numerous biasesWhich of the following assessment procedures are among the top 6 procedures used by clinical psychologists, according to lecture?All of the above Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) b) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) c) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) d) Clinical InterviewWhich of the following is TRUE about polygraph techniques??Polygraph examiners claim that certain patterns of autonomic nervous system activity reflect deception.Which of the following is correct?Control questions are not consistent across polygraph examiners.Which of the following is NOT true about the Rorschach?It tends to underpathologize people (i.e., make people seem more normal than they actually are)Projective personality tests __________________ than objective personality testsB, and C Are less valid Provide more freedom of responseThe Mental Status Exam (MSE) is a ___________.Standardized instrument for making clinical behavioral observationsThe ___________ interview approach is likely to increase specificity, meaning ___________.Structured; those without the diagnosis will be correctly detected -In the article we read for discussion on race/ethnicity-specific norms, the author argues that: ??Race is associated with differences in other factors which affect scores on most neuropsychological tests.In norm-referenced assessment,A, B, and C "Norms" refer to data from a reference group to which you compare a client's data A client should show similar performance on a cognitive test regardless of the norms that are used The norms that are used should not impact the clinical recommendations that are made