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Obsessive-Compulsive and related disorders

Terms in this set (21)

Obsessions are
recurrent, persistent and intrusive thoughts/images that are unwanted that the person tries to ignore, suppress, or neutralize with some thought or action
compulsions are
repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to ridge rules
examples of common obsessions
- need to do the right thing
- often religious/ethical principle
- need for order or symmetry
- unwanted sexual/aggressive thoughts
examples of common compulsions
- cleaning/washing
- checking
- counting/repeating actions a certain number of times or until it feels right
- arraning objects
- list making
Yale-Brown Obsessive - compulsive scale
- measures the severity of compulsive behavior
- focuses on the type, time occupied, inference in life and degree of control over obsessions/compulsions
facts and statistics of obsessive compulsive disorders
- Most common obsessions are contamination and aggression
- Most common compulsions are washing and checking
- Almost equal sex ratio (F>M)
- Onset = early adolescence to mid-20s
- High suicide attempt by individuals not receiving treatment/undertreated for their disorder
symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorders
- Time consuming (take more than 1hr/day)
- Causes significant distress/impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of function
causes of obsessive compulsive disorders
Increased metabolic activity in: orbital frontal cortex and basal ganglia
obsessive compulsive disorders treatment: Psychological intervention
- Exposure Prevention: Systematic and gradual exposure to feared thoughts or situations
- Response prevention: rituals are actively prevented
- may require hospitalization
-
obsessive compulsive disorders treatment: Drug therapy
- Most effective medications = inhibit reuptake of Serotonin
- Typically the higher the dosage range the better the medicine works to reduce symptoms
obsessive compulsive disorders best treatment
combining psychological intervention and medication
Body Dysmorphic Disorder description
- preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in physical appearance
- "imagined" ugliness
Symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder
- fixation or avoidance with mirrors
- common location of dysmorphic: nose, skin, eyes, head/face and lips
- has suicidal ideation or tendencies
assessment for Body Dysmorphic Disorder
- Are you worried about how you look (y/n)? If yes you are, do you think about your appearance problems a lot and wish you could think about them less (Y/N)? ..... Answer yes to both parts
- How much time per day, on aver., do you spend thinking about how you look? (A) Less than 1 hr a day; (B) 1-3 hours a day; ( C ) more than 3 hrs a day ..... Answers b or c
- Is your main concern with how you look that you aren't thin enough or that you might become too fast (Yes/no) .... Yes indicated BDD is present BUT is possible of having an eating disorder
- Is your main concern with how you look that you aren't thin enough or that you might become too fast (Yes/no) .... Yes indicated BDD is present BUT is possible of having an eating disorder
Facts and Statistics for body dysmorphic disorder
-Many consult plastic surgeons
- Plastic surgery solution? Quite popular but expensive
- Common equally in both males and females
- Onset is later adolescence
Causes and Treatment for body dysmorphic disorder
- little is known
- Intrusive thoughts and checking compulsions about appearance
- Exposure and response prevention is helpful here as well: have then go out into social situation and gradually moving up to activities of daily living
Hoarding disorder definition
- Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value
- Due to perceived need to save and distress associated with discarding
Hoarding Disorder impact/treatment
- Causes impairment in important areas of life functioning (maintaining a safe environment for self and others)
- Harder to treat than others in this section as typically the person does not see it as a problem
Trichotillomania disorder
-Hair pulling to the point of resulting in noticeable hair loss
- Repeated attempts to decreases or stop the hair pulling
- Hair pulling causes clinically significant distress or impairment in important areas of life functioning
Excoriation disorder
- Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions
- Repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin picking but can't seem to stop
- Causes clinically significant distress or impairment in important areas of life functioning
Trichotillomania and excoriation disorder
- Can co-occur
- Both seen more commonly in those with OCD
- Both can result in avoiding social interaction
- SSRI medication sometimes helpful
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