History Test Review #3

Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 63
Terms in this set (63)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
-A suffragette who, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848.
-Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women.
-Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869.
-Died before women could vote
Eugene V. Debs
Head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman strike; he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking. While in prison, he read Socialist literature and emerged as a Socialist leader in America.
Muckrakers
- Investigative reporters (Journalist) who exposed corruption and societal problems.
-Theodore Roosevelt gave that name
Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy
-Cabinet members who had fought over how much effort and money should be put into conserving national resources.
-Pinchot, accused Ballinger, of abandoning federal conservation policy. Taft sided with Ballinger and fired Pinchot.
"The Jungle"
This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
32nd US President - He began New Deal programs to help the nation out of the Great Depression, and he was the nation's leader during most of WWII
Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
- Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I.
Russo-Japanese War
-(1904-1905) Roosevelt won the Nobel prize price for negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth which ended the war
Dollar Diplomacy
- Foreign policy created under President Taft that encouraged investment as a means of asserting influence without military intervention.
- Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.
The Bull Moose Party-Nickname of the Progressive Party -The creation of this party split the republican party giving Wilson the presidencyGeneral Victoriano Huertabrutal dictator; Wilson refused to recognize his bloody regime; nearly ended up fighting the US in 1914Venustiano CarranzaHe became president of Mexico in 1914. He succeeded the harsh President Huerta. President Carranza at first supported Wilson's sending General Pershing into Mexico to look for the criminal Pancho Villa, but when he saw the number of troops he became outraged and opposed Wilson.Warren G. Harding-President from 1921-1923 -held wild drunken parties for cabinet members instead of enforcing Prohibition -His friends/appointees known as the Ohio Gang -Got misdiagnosed for a heart attack. Said to have food poisoning instead and he died. causing Coolidge to be presidentWar Guilt Clause-In the treaty of Versailles saying Germany must admit it alone was responsible for World War 1Federal Reserve Act- a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply -considered the most important act of Wilson's administrationSquare Deal- Economic policy by Teddy Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workersCommittee on Public Information- Headed by George Creel. -Purpose of group was to get the entire U.S. public to support their involvement in WWI with propagandaFundamentalisma form of a religion, especially Islam or Protestant Christianity, that upholds belief in the strict, literal interpretation of scripture.Al Capone-A mob king in Chicago who controlled a large network of speakeasies with enormous profits. -His illegal activities convey the failure of prohibition in the twenties and the problems with gangs.FlappersYoung women in the 1920s who challenged social traditions with their dress and behavior"Pilgrim's Progress"England's greatest allegory (like Aslan) written by John Bunyan the truth of ChristianityWilliam J. SimmonsFounded the second generation of the Ku Klux KlanElection of 1912Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. -Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to winW.E.B. Dubois-1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, -helped create NAACP in 1910Theodore Roosevelt26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese WarWilliam J Bryan-early 1900s. Ran and lost for the Presidency 3 times under Populist and Democratic party. Secretary of State. -Supported Prohibition and was lawyer in Scope's Monkey Trail, against evolution in schools. -Famous speaker throughout AmericaCalvin Coolidge-Became president when Harding died of pneumonia. -He was known for practicing a rigid economy in money and words, and acquired the name "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken. -He was a true republican and industrialist. -Believed in the government supporting big business.NAACPInterracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans. -Founded by W. E. B. Du BoisZimmerman Note1917- Germany decided to resume Unrestricted submarine warfare. They send a note offering alliance to Mexico. Technically a telegram, promising Mexico Texas Arizona and new Mexico if they help them against the US -Resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare and Zimmerman note convinced Wilson to enter war.Panama Canal-Finished in 1914 and cost $350 million -President Theodore RooseveltSedition Act1918 - Made it a crime to criticize the government, constitution, war uniforms, etc... in speeches or writing -between this act and the Espionage Act over 1500 people were arrested (1918)The Fourteen PointsWoodrow Wilson's post WWI plan, most of which was rejected by European leaders following the war. -included the League of Nations (organization to have nations talk about problems instead of fight)The Red Scare- Intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideasSacco and VanzettiItalian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare of the 1920s; arrested (1920), tried and executed (1927) for a robbery/murder, they were believed by many to have been innocent but convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs.J. Edgar Hoover- The director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation who investigated and harassed alleged radicals. - Head of the FBI from 1920-1972Ku Klux KlanO.G. was created in 1866 William J. Simmons revived the KKK in 1915. -This new klan was Anti-black, anti-immigrant, anti-catholic, anti-jewish and anti-socialist -Claimed to protect family values and traditions. -Over 5 million membersTeapot Dome Scandalcorruption by a Harding cabinet member, who took bribes to allow oil drilling on public landsDavid Stephenson-Klan leader or Indiana Grand Dragon who kidnapped/murdered Madge Oberholtzer. -She tried to escape by drinking mercury and he refused her medical help, it took over a month for her to die. -He was sentenced to life in prison for second degree murder. -his bad rep of kkk cause there to be 10,000 left by 1930Anthracite Coal Strike-1902 United Mine Workers of America strike in eastern Pennsylvania which threatened to cause an energy crisis requiring the federal government to intervene on the side of labor (first time) -Dangerous labor conflict resolved by Rooseveltian negotiation and threats against business peopleFive Power Naval Pact-Under President Harding -US, Japan, Britain, France and Italy limited the size of their navies -America was isolationist and didn't build their navy unlike everyone elseThe Palmer RaidsPart of the Red Scare, these were measures to hunt out political radicals and immigrants who were potential threats to American security; led to the arrest of nearly 5,500 people and the deportation of nearly 400.Samuel Hopkins AdamsMuckraker that exposed many of the false claims made about patent medicines, pointing out that in some cases these medicines were damaging the health of the people using them."Birth of a Nation"Controversial but highly influential silent film directed by D.W. Griffith. -It demonstrated the power of film propaganda and revived the KKK.Kellogg-Briand PactAgreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one anotherSusan B. Anthony-Social reformer who campaigned for Women's rights, -helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association16th Amendment-Allows the federal government to collect income tax -(1913)17th Amendment-Allowed direct election of senators -the people should elect the Senators -(1913)18th Amendment-Prohibition -Outlawed the sale and manufacture of liquor -Outlawed importation, exportation, and transportation. -(Adopted in 1919, repealed in 1933 by 21st amendment)19th Amendment-Gave women the right to vote -(1920) -The U.S. has no right to deny or limit anyone's voting rights based on sexSussex Pledge-A promise Germany made to America to surface and warn merchant ships before attacking (1916) -because Wilson issued an ultimatum saying change or we will break off diplomatic relations -The Sussex did not sink but 80 passengers were killed, including Americans.Lusitania-British passenger ship holding Americans that sunk off the coast of Ireland in 1915 by German U-Boats - killing 1,198 people. -It was decisive in turning public favor against Germany and bringing America into WWI.Espionage Act1917 - $10,000 fine and 20 years in jail for interfering with recruiting troops or disclosing information about national defense. - Penalties for refusing military service, resisting the law, advocating treason. Post master General could banish subversive literature from the mall. 450 conscientious objectors sent to the milliary prison.Pancho Villa- Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923) Did many good things, but killed a lot of people. Wanted to take money from the rich and give it to the poor.Scopes Trial1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schoolsClarence Darrow-A famed criminal defense lawyer for Scopes, who supported evolution. -He caused William Jennings Bryan to appear foolish when Darrow questioned Bryan about the Bible.Woodrow WilsonPresident of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations. -First since John Adams to personally go before Congress to give state of union message. -He's the one with the mistress where the first wife was cool with it and the second wife was not.Albert FallThe Secretary of the Interior who accepted bribes from an oil company and started the Teapot Dome Scandal. -during Harding's admin.Herbert Hoover-International reputation of coming to the aid of people in need -in election of 1928 promising to "a final triumph over poverty and a chicken in every pot" -Presidency was first and only elected office -Blamed for the collapse of the stock market causing the great depressionMarcus GarveyAfrican American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.Treaty of VersaillesTreaty that ended WW I. -It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.Alice Paul-kicked out the NAWSA for being too radical. -she created the Woman's party and marched in Washington with 10,000 members -Wilson had her and 15 others arrested and she went on a hunger strike, when released they went right back to the picket lineStimson Doctrine- 1932, Hoover's Secretary of State said the US would not recognize territorial changes resulting from Japan's invasion of Manchuria