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Social Psychology Test Review

Terms in this set (38)

study of how people's thoughts, feelings, beliefs, intentions and goals are constructed within a social context by the actual or imagined interactions with others
social psychology
changing one's behavior due to the request or direction of another person
compliance
How do we get people to comply?
central and peripheral route
compliance tactic that aims at getting a person to agree to a large request by having them agree to a modest request first
foot-in-the-door
compliance method whereby the persuader attempts to convince the respondent to comply by making a large request that the respondent will most likely turn down
door-in-the-face
mental discomfort that results from holding two conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes
cognitive dissonance
What does cognitive dissonance cause?
feelings of unease and discomfort
the tendency for a group to make a decision more extreme than the initial belief
group polarization
assumption or an opinion about someone simply based on that person's membership to a particular group
prejudice
Example of prejudice
having a negative attitude toward people who are not born in the United States
individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when there are other people present
Bystander Effect
Who are we more likely to help? (bystander effect)
someone we know
When are we more likely to help? (bystander effect)
when alone than in a group
Who do we consider attractive?
people who are similar to us
What attracts us to others?
physical attractiveness, proximity (mere exposure)
as the number of bystanders increases, the personal responsibility that an individual bystander feels decreases
diffusion of responsibility
Example of diffusion of responsibility
doing nothing when you see someone fall on the sidewalk and cry out in pain
an act designed to be harmful
aggression
any group to which one does not belong or with which one does not identify
outgroup
Example of outgroup
if you are a fan of a football team, you don't like a fan of a rival football team, even if you like the person
have a dislike for other people that are outside of one's own identity group
Outgroup bias
the practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility
Groupthink
How does groupthink affect our behavior?
cause people to ignore important information and can ultimately lead to poor decisions
tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own culture
Ethnocentric
the tendency to blame someone else for one's own problems
Scapegoating
Example of scapegoating
If a woman has a fight with her boyfriend, she may come home and kick her dog for a minor misbehavior
settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something, typically one that is reflected in a person's behavior
Attitude
What impacts our attitudes?
experience or upbringing
someone "predicting" or expecting something, and this "prediction" or expectation coming true simply because the person believes or anticipates it will and the person's resulting behaviors align to fulfill the belief
Self fulfilling prophecy
occurs when a person is persuaded by the content of the message
central route of persuasion
occurs when someone evaluates a message, such as an advertisement, on the basis of physical attractiveness, background music, or other surface-level characteristics rather than the actual content of the message
Peripheral route of persuasion
goal that takes precedence over one or more other, more conditional goals
Superordinate goals
theory that supposes that one attempts to understand the behavior of others by attributing feelings, beliefs, and intentions to them
attribution theory
analyze another person's behavior primarily on disposition
fundamental attribution error
compliance with standards, rules, or laws
Conformity
Who conducted a famous study on conformity?
Solomon Asch
a person identifies as a member
in-group
gives special treatment to those in their group
in-group bias
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