Neuroscience and Behavior Test

What do you call the area where neurotransmitters pass from neuron to neuron?

- thresholds
- association areas
- neurotransmitters
- neural networks
- synapses
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What do you call the area where neurotransmitters pass from neuron to neuron?

- thresholds
- association areas
- neurotransmitters
- neural networks
- synapses
- synapses

The synapse is the small gap between a sending or presynaptic and receiving or postsynaptic neuron. Neurotransmitters pass from neuron to neuron here.
___________________ are interconnected clusters of neurons in the central nervous system.

- Neurotransmitters
- Endorphins
- Hormones
- Dendrites
- Neural networks
- Neural networks

Neurons network with nearby neurons creating an neural network.
What is the name of the messenger that carries information to the brain from the spinal cord?

- the circulatory system
- the sympathetic nervous system
- motor neurons
- sensory neurons
- interneurons
- interneurons

Interneurons are responsible for taking messages to the brain or to the motor neurons.
The autonomic nervous system is divided into two sub systems. Which of these systems is responsible for fight or flight?

- parasympathetic
- somatic
- sympathetic
- spinal cord
- brain
- sympathetic

The sympathetic nervous system is the division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for fight or flight. When it is initiated heart rate increases, blood vessels constrict, and your blood pressure increases.
Which of the following is responsible for the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream?

- pituitary gland.
- thyroid gland.
- parathyroids.
- adrenal glands.
- pancreas.
- adrenal glands.

The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and are responsible for release of epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to flight or flight.
The auditory cortex processes sound and is located in the:

- occipital lobes.
- motor cortex.
- frontal lobes.
- temporal lobes.
- sensory cortex.
- temporal lobes.

The temporal lobes house the auditory cortex and is responsible for processing sound information we capture with our ears.
What part of the central nervous system is responsible for thinking, planning, and decision making?

- the parasympathetic system
- the brain
- the spine
- the sympathetic system
- the autonomic
- the brain

The brain is responsible for controlling our thoughts, emotions, planning, and decision making.
Xanax is a chemical that mimics the action of GABA at the receptor site. Xanax is a(n):

- endorphin agonist.
- GABA antagonist.
- GABA agonist.
- endorphin antagonist.
- serotonin agonist.
- GABA agonist.

Agonists mimic or enhance the effects of neurotransmitters making them fire.
Which of the following endocrine system gland is sometimes called the "master gland"?

- pancreas
- adrenal gland
- thyroid gland
- sex gland
- pituitary gland
- pituitary gland

The pituitary gland controls all the other glands in the body and is therefore sometimes called the "master gland".
Janice was running on a trail and suddenly noticed a snake in her path. Her heartbeat accelerated, her blood pressure rose, and she began to perspire heavily. Upon seeing the snake, Janice's arousal was activated by the _______________ nervous system.

- sympathetic
- somatic
- sensorimotor
- central
- parasympathetic
- sympathetic

The sympathetic nervous system illicits fight or flight responses.
Which of the following glands of the endocrine system is responsible for the regulation of growth? - pancreas - thyroid - pituitary - adrenal - parathyroid- pituitary The most influential gland of the endocrine is the pituitary gland, controlled by the hypothalamus. It releases the hormones responsible for growth.Which brain structure is responsible for taking sensory information and sending it to the appropriate brain structure? - amygdala - thalamus - cerebellum - medulla - hippocampus- thalamus The thalamus acts as the brain's switchboard taking incoming sensory information and sending it to the appropriate parts of the brain. Smell is the only sense that bypasses the thalamus.Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for calming? - sympathetic - spine - somatic - brain - parasympathetic- parasympathetic The parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to a calmer, more normal functioning after arousal.Ovaries and testes are reproductive glands in the: - limbic system. - sympathetic nervous system. - endocrine system. - central nervous system. - reticular formation.- endocrine system. The testes and ovaries secrete the sex hormones for males and females in the endocrine system.The central nervous system consists of: - the brain and somatic system. - the spinal cord and autonomic system. - the brain and spinal cord. - the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. - the autonomic and somatic systems.- the brain and spinal cord. The CNS or central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord.The occipital lobes are to ________ as the temporal lobes are to ________. - seeing; sensing touch - sensing pleasure; sensing pain - hearing; sensing movement - speaking; hearing - seeing; hearing- seeing; hearing The occipital lobes contains the visual cortex and processes sensory information that deals with vision. The temporal lobes process sound sensed by our ears through the auditory cortex.What do you call the long part of the neuron that carries messages away from the cell body to the terminal buttons? - nucleus - dendrites - Soma - axon - myelin sheath- axon The axon carries the action potential or electrical message the length of the neuron. It starts at the cell body and is carried through the axon terminal buttons.Helen is unable to process new memories after her car accident. Helen has likely damaged her: - medulla - amygdala - thalamus - hippocampus - cerebellum- hippocampus The hippocampus is a structure responsible for creating new memories.In split-brain surgery the ____________ is cut in half. - limbic system - hippocampus - sensory cortex - corpus callosum - reticular formation- corpus callosum The corpus callosum connects the right and left hemispheres. Surgically cutting it in half has been known to help patients suffering from epileptic seizures.Dendrites are like the tree branches of a: - hormone - neuron - soma - neurotransmitter - polar cell- neuron The dendrites are receptor sites on the neuron which receive information from a sending neuron.Paul was involved in an accident playing basketball where he hit the back of his head extremely hard on the gym floor. Due to the damage in this area of the brain what type of functioning loss is Paul susceptible to? - speaking ability. - muscular coordination. - pain sensations. - language comprehension. - visual perception.- visual perception. In the back of head is the occipital lobes. The occipital lobes are responsible for processing visual information. Damage to this area may affect one's ability to see or process perception.Mariam is preparing for her first half-marathon. While running Mariam will be counting on her ______________ to relay messages from her CNS to her leg muscles. - reticular formation - autonomic nervous system - motor neurons - interneurons - cerebellum- motor neurons Motor or efferent neurons take information from the brain to the rest of the body.Consciousness awareness or the ability to perceive, think, and speak is governed by the: - hypothalamus. - amygdala. - cerebellum. - sympathetic nervous system. - cerebral cortex.- cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is a thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells making up 85% of the brain's weight. It is the body's control and information processing center.The ________________ is the body's electrochemical communication system. - endocrine system - nervous system - cerebral cortex - circulatory system - reproductive system- nervous system that process information throughout the body.Which of the following neurotransmitters is directly associated with Parkinson's disease? - ACh - Dopamine - Norepinephrine - Serotonin - GABA- Dopamine Lack of dopamine has been linked with Parkinson's disease. Dopamine is responsible for muscle movement.If an axon is encased in a(an) _________________ then the speed of its transmission increases. - association area - endocrine gland - myelin sheath - synaptic vesicle - glial cell- myelin sheath The myelin sheath is made up of a fatty white substance that insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission messages. It is segmented with gaps called nodes of ranvier.Neurosurgery in which the corpus callosum is severed is attempting to alleviate the symptoms associated with: - aphasia. - neural plasticity. - epileptic seizures. - reward deficiency syndrome. - depression.- epileptic seizures. The corpus callosum connects the right and left hemispheres. People suffering from epilepsy have found split brain surgery to provide relief from seizures.What do you call the small chemical messages that are passed from neuron to neuron? - synapses - neurotransmitters - genes - glial cells - hormones- neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters are chemical messages released through the terminal buttons in the synapse.Opiates bind to the same receptor sites as: - endorphins - acetylcholine - dopamine - epinephrine - serotonin- endorphins Opiates bind to the same receptor sites as endorphins and work in much the same way. They cause the body to become extremely relaxed and a decrease in the sensation of pain.If your _____________ is severed it is difficult for the left side of the brain to communicate with the right side and vice versa. - angular gyrus - amygdala - frontal lobes - corpus callosum - hippocampus- corpus callosum The corpus callosum is a wide band of axon fibers that connects the two brain hemispheres and sends messages between them. Severing the connection, as sometimes done with split brain patients makes it difficult for the two sides to communicate.The brain's reward center is the: - amygdala. - cerebellum. - sensory cortex. - medulla. - Hypothalamus.- Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus house the pleasure center or reward circuit of the brain. It was accidentally discovered by neuropsychologists James Olds an Peter Milner.Height is regulated by which of the following endocrine system glands? - thalamus - pituitary gland - pancreas - thyroid - adrenal gland- pituitary gland The pituitary gland or master gland is responsible for releasing the hormones associated with growth.Dr. Perez is a medical doctor at the local community hospital. She specializes in treating patients with mental disorders usually be prescribing medicine. Dr. Perez is most likely a: - psychiatrist. - experimental psychologist. - biological psychologist. - developmental psychologist. - mental health counselor.- psychiatrist. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating mental disorders.Modern psychology is best defined as the scientific study of: - environmental cues and socio-cultural behavior. - behavior and mental processes. - observable responses to the environment. - conscious and unconscious mental activity. - thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.- behavior and mental processes. The definition of psychology has evolved and is the science of behavior and mental processes.Which of the following provides the best description of a hypothesis? - assumptions. - explanations. - confirmations. - predictions. - conclusions.- predictions. Hypothesis are testable predictions usually influenced by a theory.The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on? - brain chemistry. - learned behaviors. - introspection. - unconscious conflicts. - natural selection.- unconscious conflicts. Psychoanalysis or the psychodynamic theory focuses on how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.The behaviorist movement believed that psychology should only focus on: - reflexes - dreams - observable actions - biology - mental processes- observable actions Behaviorists believed that psychology should be an objective science that focuses only on observable behaviors and actions.In drug-treatment studies what do you call the pill that contains no drug? - replication. - placebo. - double-blind. - random sample. - false consensus.- placebo. A placebo is a sugar pill or harmless variable presented to the control group to allow for comparison between variables.Sigmund Freud is most closely associated with which of the following perspectives? - biological - psychoanalytic - behavioral - sociocultural - cognitive- psychoanalytic Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis. The psychoanalytic theory focuses on studying unconscious desires and wishes, as well as past conflicts and how they contribute to behavior.Bar graphs are a useful way to describe data. However, when reading a bar graph it is always important to: - identify the value of the standard deviation. - mentally transform the data into a scatterplot. - remember that correlation facilitates prediction. - note the range and size of the scale values. - understand the concept of the false consensus effect.- note the range and size of the scale values. Graphs can be designed to make differences look big or small depending on what is being emphasized. You should always look closely the labels.