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Sociology

Terms in this set (40)

The term __________ includes property such as buildings, land, farms, houses, factories, and cars, as well as other assets such as bank accounts, corporate stocks, bonds, and insurance policies.
wealth
__________ occurs when people experience movement either up or down the class structure.
Vertical mobility
Anything valued in a society, such as money, property, and education, is called __________.
a resource
Today, the net worth of each U.S. household in the wealthiest 1 percent is nearly __________ times greater than the net worth of the median U.S. household.
50
__________ mobility is the social movement experienced by family members from one generation to the next.​
Intergenerational
__________ is the sociological term for the hierarchical arrangement of large social groups based on the control of basic resources.​
Social stratification
The term __________ refers to those who are poor, are seldom employed, and experience long-term deprivation.​
underclass
Of the two categories of people who work for wages, Weber called the white-collar workers, public officials, managers, and professionals the __________.
​middle class
From the perspective of __________, social inequality is not only inevitable, but it is also an essential part of any healthy society.
functionalism
Social inequality and poverty have both economic and structural sources. According to your text, a great deal of poverty in the United States is due to __________.
high unemployment and the low wages paid for many jobs
​ Sociologists often use the term __________ to refer to a classification that reflects a combination of factors such as income, occupation, and education.
socioeconomic status
A factory worker is promoted to the position of foreman in the factory. She receives a small increase in pay. This person has experienced __________ mobility.
​horizontal
When Carlos's grandfather migrated to the United States, he had completed six years of schooling and was an agricultural worker in California. Carlos's father completed high school and worked for twenty years as a clerk in a large state agency. Through the efforts of his father and grandfather, Carlos was able to graduate from college and medical school, and he now has a thriving medical practice in southern California. Carlos's family exemplifies __________ mobility.​
​intergenerational
Working single mothers and their children and African Americans are overrepresented among the __________.​
​working poor
Weber defined social class using ___________ as a major contributor.
power
Contemporary Marxian (or conflict) theorists examine class in terms of __________.​
people's relationships with others in the production process
The open stratification system based on the ownership and control of resources, as well as the type of work people do, is termed __________.
class
Meredith studies how waiters are treated by diners at a country club in order to learn about the daily structure of inequality and how these patterns are enacted and replicated. Meredith is a __________.​
symbolic interactionist
Sociologist Max Weber placed categories of people who have a similar level of wealth and income in the same class. He referred to the privileged commercial class of wealthy bankers, ship owners, professionals, and merchants who possess similar financial resources as __________.
entrepreneurs
In addition to unemployment, structural problems contribute to __________, where people work at jobs that do not pay a living wage and lack security.​
​underemployment
In 1947, __________ broke the "color line" to become the first African American in Major League Baseball.​
Jackie Robinson
Inequalitarian pluralism describes a situation in which specific ethnic groups are set apart from the dominant group and have unequal access to power and privilege. This pattern is also referred to as __________.​
​segregation
The term __________ refers to the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation.
​genocide
Which of these explanations for racism is most likely to include the concept of a scapegoat?
frustration aggression hypothesis
he systematic killing of thousands of Native Americans by the U.S. government and the extermination of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II are examples of __________.​
​genocide
The term __________ refers to blatant behavior and may take the form of public statements about the "inferiority" of members of a racial or ethnic group.​
​overt racism
In the United States, indigenous groups lost property, political rights, aspects of their culture, and often their lives. The effects of past __________ are reflected today in the number of Native Americans who live on government reservations.
​internal colonialism
Prior to the Civil Rights Act, Jim Crow laws in the U.S. South mandated the systematic physical and social separation of whites and African Americans in all areas of public life. This is an example of __________.​
de jure segregation
A football coach dislikes African Americans but still hires black players because he thinks they will enhance the team's ability to win. According to sociologist Robert Merton's typology of prejudice and discrimination, this coach is a(n) __________.​
prejudiced nondiscriminator
__________ refers to the spatial and social separation of categories of people by race, ethnicity, class, gender, and/or religion.​
Segregation
__________ refers to the interactive effect of racism and sexism on the exploitation of women of color.​
Gendered racism
A landlord refuses to rent to someone of a different race. This is an example of __________ discrimination.​
​individual
Switzerland has been described as a model of __________; more than six million people with French, German, and Italian cultural heritages peacefully coexist there
accommodation
Which of these racial/ethnic groups has been the most privileged group in the United States?​
White Anglo-Saxon Protestants
__________ analyze power and economic differentials between the dominant groups and subordinate groups in society.​
Conflict theorists
​Internment camps for Japanese Americans during World War II are an example of __________.
forced migration
__________ is the term for a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes.
​Race
Sociologists would term whites in the United States with Northern European ancestry (often referred to as Euro-Americans, white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, or WASPs) the __________.​
dominant group
__________ refers to the tendency to regard one's own culture and group as the standard, and thus superior, whereas all other groups are seen as inferior.​
​Ethnocentrism
What happens when individuals meet someone who does not conform to their preexisting stereotypes?​
They ignore any behavior that contradicts the stereotype.
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