BIOL chapter 7 and 8

Which of these is most closely associated with the process of electron transport?
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Which of these is most closely associated with the process of electron transport?
a sequence of molecules in the membranes of the thylakoids
Photosynthesis shows higher activity for violet/blue and orange/red and a lower absorption for green/yellow. If we could create a different photosynthetic pigment that absorbed absolutely all visible wavelengths of light, the leaves would appear which color?
black
The first step of the cyclic electron pathway involves the removal of the electrons from water.
False
Which of the following is a substance that initially traps solar energy in photosynthesis?
chlorophyll
The end product of the Calvin cycle is
G3P
What pathway moves the electrons from water through PS II to PS I and then on to NADP+?
noncyclic electron pathway
Biologists are fairly certain that oxygen was built up in the atmosphere by the development of photosynthesis. The production of oxygen and, therefore, the beginning of extensive aerobic life was made possible by the evolution of
photosystem II.
The "antenna" system of a plant that gathers the solar energy consists of the
pigment complex.
To what does the term grana refer?
a stack of thylakoid membranes
Which pathway is the foundation for the majority of ecosystems and food chains on Earth?
photosynthesis
The flattened sacs within the stroma of a chloroplast, which are connected to form a single inner compartment, are calledthylakoids.At the base of most food chains are autotrophs.TrueWhat are the stages of the Calvin cycle?carbon dioxide fixation, carbon dioxide reduction, and regeneration of RuBPHeterotrophsare ultimately dependent upon preformed organic molecules made by producers.Which statement about photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?Photosynthesis produces oxygen, while cellular respiration uses oxygen.The H+ (protons) accumulate in the thylakoid space during electron transport between photosystems I and II. The excess of protons in the thylakoid spacemoves from the thylakoid space to the stroma through the ATP synthase complex.Photosystem I comes before photosystem II in the noncyclic electron pathway.FalseThe red maple tree cannot photosynthesize because it is not green.FalseWhich of the following is a CAM plant?cactusWater is split and oxygen is released inthe noncyclic electron pathway.Plants need other molecules besides glucose. Where do these molecules, such as cellulose and fructose, come from?G3P is directly converted to many other organic molecules besides glucose.In the Calvin cycle, the three-carbon molecule that will be immediately formed after carbon dioxide fixation occurs is3PG.Which of the following would be a reasonable explanation of why the chloroplast would use the cyclic electron pathway as well as the noncyclic electron pathway?The Calvin cycle utilizes more ATP than NADPH and the cyclic electron pathway produces ATP.The reservoir for H+ during photosynthesis is thethylakoid space.How much of the protein content in chloroplasts is made up of the enzyme RuBP carboxylase? Why?20-50%; the enzyme is very slowWe set up an experiment where the same species of plant is grown in boxes covered with plastic that only allows a single color of light through. In which box would we expect the least plant growth and even perhaps the death of the plant to occur?greenWhat are the products of the noncyclic electron pathway?H+, O2, ATP, and NADPHWhich of the following statement is true about C3 and C4 plants?In C3 plants, O2 competes with CO2 for the active site of RuBP carboxylase.Which of the following is a substrate in the photosynthesis equation?CO2Which of the following statements is true?During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is used.Write the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2.Write the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration.C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O.The only end product of alcoholic fermentation is the alcohol.FalseWhich stage(s) will produce carbon dioxide in cellular respiration?both the preparatory reaction and the citric acid cycleThe energy difference between the reactant glucose and oxygen molecules and the product water and carbon dioxide is 686 kilocalories, yet the 36 ATP molecules produced are only storing 263 kilocalories in their outermost phosphate bond. The rest of the energywas lost as heat.How efficient is the breakdown of one glucose molecule via cellular respiration?39%The carriers of the electron transport chain are locatedon the cristae of the mitochondria.What role does NAD+ play in cellular respiration?It is an electron carrier.Pyruvate is converted to a two-carbon acetyl group attached to coenzyme A (CoA), and CO2 is given off. This phase is calledthe preparatory reaction.The citric acid cycle turns once for each original glucose molecule.FalseGlycolysis is likely to have evolved before the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain becauseit is found in all living organisms.For the complete respiration of one molecule of glucose, the citric acid cycle must turn a total oftwo times.Some desert organisms can live out their life without ever drinking liquid water. What phase(s) of cellular respiration could provide the organism with water?glycolysis and electron transport chainAll of the ATP molecules formed by the complete oxidation of glucose result from the electron transfer chain.FalseWhich of the following is a substrate of cellular respiration?glucoseWhich molecule(s) is/are the product(s) of anaerobic respiration?pyruvateThe final acceptor for electrons in aerobic cellular respiration isoxygen.Which is a correct statement about the preparatory reaction?NAD+ goes to NADH + H+ as acetyl-CoA forms.What phase(s) of cellular respiration produce(s) NADH + H+?glycolysis, preparatory reaction, and citric acid cycleWhich molecules are the products of aerobic respiration?carbon dioxide and waterWhich of the following results from the lactate accumulation in the muscles?All of the answer choices are accurate statements about the accumulation of lactate in muscle cells.If we developed a molecule that blocked the ATP channel protein, what would be the first immediate effect?accumulation of ATP in the mitochondrial matrixWhich of the following would increase the electron transport system's production of ATP?adding additional hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space of the mitochondriaPyruvate can be converted to lactate instead of going to the preparatory reaction. Why does this occur?Oxygen is not available.Why are two ATP needed to begin glycolysis?to activate the glucosePyruvate contains less chemical energy than glucose.TrueWhich of the following is one of the values of photosynthesis to humans?It reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.The cyclic electron pathway produces onlyATPWhich of the following is an autotroph?algaeThe flattened sacs within the stroma of a chloroplast, which are connected to form a single inner compartment, are calledthylakoids.Some herbicides inhibit the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane. Without the movement of electrons, hydrogen ions would not be pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid space and the hydrogen ion gradient would not be established. How would this affect the Calvin cycle reactions?ATP would not be produced and, as a result, the Calvin cycle reactions would not occur.The ATP synthase complex in cellular respiration and photosynthesisAll of the answers are correct.There is an inverse relationship between wavelength of light and amount of energy.TrueThe Calvin cycle reactions are dependent upon a supply ofcarbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP.At night, plants cannot run metabolic pathways because there is no sunlight.FalseHow many total carbons are involved in carbon dioxide fixation when there are 3 molecules of carbon dioxide and 3 molecules of RuBP?18The hydrocarbon skeleton used to form fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids (when N is added) is derived fromG3PWhich of the following is a substance that initially traps solar energy in photosynthesis?chlorophyllWhich molecule would you need to radioactively label in order to produce radioactive oxygen during photosynthesis?waterATP synthase is an enzyme complex located in the thylakoid membranes.TrueOver time, what would we expect in the evolution of C3, C4, and CAM strategies?Each form of photosynthesis has advantages in a heterogeneous world and, as long as environmental conditions vary, all forms will have an adaptive advantage in their unique niche.Which of these is most closely associated with the process of electron transport?a sequence of molecules in the membranes of the thylakoidsWhat are the two sets of reactions for photosynthesis?light reactions, Calvin cycleWhy are plant leaves green?They reflect green wavelengths of light.The heavy oxygen isotope (18O) could be provided to plants either in the CO2 or in H2O or in both. Today, we know from experimental results that O2 released from chloroplasts comes from H2O and not from CO2. Which of the following experimental results would show conclusively that O2 is released from H2O and not CO2?When heavy oxygen is part of water given to the plant, the plant produces heavy O2.What are the products of the noncyclic electron pathway?H+, O2, ATP, and NADPHVisible light has more energy than radio waves.TrueWhat pathway moves the electrons from water through PS II to PS I and then on to NADP+?noncyclic electron pathwayPhotosystem I comes before photosystem II in the noncyclic electron pathway.FalseOnly organisms with chloroplasts are capable of photosynthesis.FalseThe first enzyme in glycolysis isHexokinaseThe enzyme that breaks apart fructose 1,6, bisphosphate (fructose 1,6, biphosphate) into 2 three carbon molecules is?AldolaseWhat is aerobic respiration?Process of making energy using oxygenDuring reaction 3 of glycolysis, _____ is needed to phosphorylate fructose 6 phosphate?ATPFermentation involving the formation of alcohol is performed by which organisms-Yeast and BacteriaIf an organisms undergoes fermentation processes, then it does not need to go through glycolysisFalseWhen you jog or work out and the following day you are sore, this is a result of _____ build up in your muscle cells.LactateIn eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs inMitochondrial matrix