Sailing Development Quiz

Steven Johnson pointed out that it wasn't the calendar that created the need for accurate time keeping but something else. What was the something else and how did that creae the need for accurate time?
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Steven Johnson pointed out that it wasn't the calendar that created the need for accurate time keeping but something else. What was the something else and how did that creae the need for accurate time?
It came from maps. Ship sailing and not knowing where they are (they only knew a range, not a specific point).
Pisa- the leaning tower. A tourist attraction, and rightfully so. But in that same town, another building is the site of a more important happening in world history - the Duomo of Pisa - Pisa's cathedral. In 1583, Who, what happened, how did he do it and what did it ultimately lead to?
Galileo - was in the cathedral and observed a latern swaying back and forth. He counted the time it took to sway back and forth with his pulse and realized that it took the same amount of time to swing back and forth no matter how high or low it went up. He was interested in astronomy at first. He found out there was a prize being awarded, so he makes the penjulum clock.
There was a prize that would be awarded to the person that solved what problem?
Longitude
Actually, how it could be solved was unknown. What was known but what was missing?
What they knew - they could solve longitude with 2 time references
What was missing - A clock/thing to track time on a ship (the instrument)
For the person to collect the prize, what must that person do?
Had to demonstrate their instrument on a ship with a long journey and spectators to be witnesses to it working or not working.
John Flamsteed (1646-1719) Developed his Mural Arc. Describe it, what was it used for and why was that important?
A wheel on the wall with a telescope. It had a gearing system to move gently (angles). It measured the angle of a star from earth at a certain time. The calculations helped with their latitude.
Who preceded Flamsteed in the same endeavor, but his were not as accurate as Flamsteed's but still the best of their times?
Tycho Brahe
John Harrison (1693-1776), was a clock maker that set out to claim the Longitude prize. He finally solved the longitude problem. How many attempts did it take and what did the final attempt look like?
It took 4 tries. Each one the clock grew smaller. Last, it looked like a big pocket watch. Only altered 1 second a month which was a ginormous increase is reliability.
James Cook (1728-1779). British explorer. What is he ultimately credited with and what did Flamsteed and Harrison contribute to his accomplishments?
Died young because he was killed in Hawaii. He was credited with acurrate mapping. Flamsteed and Harrison helped to calculate longitude.
Greenwich, England - How does that relate to our previous questions/discussions?
Where longitude was discovered/starting point of longitude (0 degrees).
How did we get here from there? What things did James Cook take advantage of? (12 things come before James Cook that he uses, then 2 things come after that help the rest of sailing)1. Lateen sail - China/Greece 1st BCE 2. Sternpost rudder - Hand 3. Compass - Han - Song 4. Map making - progressing throughout to Cook 5. Keel - Song 6. Ocean winds (monsoons, trade), currents (gyres) 7. Bilge pumps 8. Sea worthy hulls - Europeans 9. Tycho Brahe - star charting, ~ 1600 - Latitude 10. Telescope - 1608 11. Mural Arc 1689 - Flamsteed (1646-1719) 12. Harrison's time piece - Longitude (1693-1776) 13. - James Cook puts it altogether - (1728-1779) 14. 1775 - James Watt Steam Engine 15. 1807 - Robert Fulton's steamboat on the Mississippi