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Chapter 12

Terms in this set (55)

Which statements about motivation are true?
Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation.

Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior.
Which are principal perspectives on motivation?
process, job design, reinforcement, and content
Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______.
needs
Which of these represent levels of needs in Maslow's hierarchy?
safety
esteem
physiological
love
self-actualization
How does McClelland view needs?
Needs are something that we learn from our culture.
The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ______.
motivation
The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory.
self-determination
There is one main theory as to what motivates people, and this theory is accepted by most people.
False
Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors?
Herzberg's two-factor theory
What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives?
McClelland's acquired needs theory

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

Herzberg's two-factor theory
Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives?
Equity theory

Expectancy theory

Goal-setting theory
Hillary knows she needs a full-time job so she can buy groceries and clothing for her three children. Which level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs does this describe?
Physiological
The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ______.
McClelland's acquired needs theory
Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following?
Fairness
Justice
According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs?
Competence, autonomy and relatedness
What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation?
Expectancy
A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation?
Two-factor theory
Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs?
Goal-setting theory
Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act?
design
Which of the following are levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Safety
Love
Esteem
Physiological
What does the technique called scientific management seek to do?
Raise employee productivity

Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs

Increase employee efficiency
The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas?
Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.
The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas?
Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety.

Employees are underutilized.
What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation?
Effort to performance

Performance to outcomes
Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes?
Job characteristics model
What are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory?
Achievable

Specific

Challenging
"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation?
Reinforcement theory
What is the modern way of designing jobs?
Fitting jobs to people
Which types of reinforcement are intended to weaken a behavior?
Extinction

Punishment
Scientific ______ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs.
management
What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people?
Job enrichment
Job enlargement
When rewarding an employee for a behavior, you should:
give rewards as soon as possible.
What are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model?
Core job characteristics

Psychological states

Work outcomes
One survey found that about half of U.S. adults would be willing to take a 10% pay cut if it meant ______.
working at a job they found meaningful
The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior ______.
modification
To be successful, an incentive compensation plan must be ______.
measurable
Match the type of reinforcement with its description.

Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Extinction
Punishment
Using rewards or positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior

Strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative

Weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced

Weakening a behavior by presenting something negative or withholding something positive
What are three types of learning opportunities?
Tuition reimbursement

Learning and development

Studying co-workers
Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement?
Give rewards as soon as possible.

Be clear about what behavior is desired.
What is the first step in developing career readiness?
Identify your most important long-term goal.
True or false: Most of the recent surveys conducted in the United States show that money is the best and the only motivator.
False
Why should you break your most important long-term goal into many short-term goals?
You are more likely to achieve a long-term goal if you break it down into smaller goals.
What are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans?
They link rewards to performance.

They are agreed on by both employees and managers.
After breaking your long-term goal into several short-term goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness?
Create a to-do list for accomplishing short-term goals.
After the creation of a "to-do" list for accomplishing short-term goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness?
Prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach your goal.
The economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions, and knowledge is referred to as ______.
human capital
Why is creating a time schedule important when it comes to developing a career management plan?
It enables you to monitor your progress.

It helps you organize your schedule.
What characteristics should your long-term goal have?
Results-oriented
Measurable
Attainable
After creating a time schedule for accomplishing tasks and goals, what is the next step in developing career readiness?
Work the plan, give yourself rewards when appropriate, and make needed adjustments.
After you identify a long-term goal, what is the second step in developing career readiness?
Break your long-term goal into several short-term goals.
Your to-do list for achieving short-term goals should identify the ______.
daily tasks you need to complete
When prioritizing the tasks you need to complete to reach your career goals, you should:
order them from low importance to high importance.
After tasks on a to-do list are prioritized, what is the next step in developing career readiness?
Create a time schedule for reaching your long-term goal.
When working on your plan, it is important to ______.
remain flexible
Your most challenging concepts
Recognize the levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.

Define scientific management.

Recognize the types of reinforcement.
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