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Biology Lecture 29 -Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment

Terms in this set (10)

A. What was Mendel's model system? B. What were the advantages of Mendel's system to study heredity?
A. breeding garden peas to study inheritance by switching the stamens of purple and white flowers
B. many varieties, short generation time, large offspring number, could control mating
A. What is hybridization? B. What experimental technique led to Mendel developing the first principles of heredity?
A. mating or crossing over of 2 true breeding varieties
B. - cross breeding
The various traits that Mendel observed in pea plants exhibited a "3 dominant: 1 recessive" ratio in the F2 generation. Mendel's model of inheritance was developed in order to explain this ratio. List the four components of Mendel's model.
1. alternative versions of genes account fo variations in inherited characters
2. from each character an organism inherits 2 versions of a gene (each parent)
3. if the 2 alleles differ the dominant determines the appearance
4. 2 alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
A. What is an allele? B. What is a locus?
A. alternative versions of the same gene
B. position of a gene on a chromosome
What is meant by the terms homozygous and heterozygous?
homo: 2 identical alleles for given gene
hetero: 2 different alleles for a gene
A gene encoding orange pigment in goldfish has two alleles. The wild type or normal allele (O) is dominant over the mutant allele (o). Goldfish who are homozygous for the mutant allele are white.
A. What is the genotype and phenotype of an individual goldfish that is heterozygous for the gene? B. Use a Punnett Square to determine the genotypes of offspring that result from the following cross:(Female) Oo X Oo (male)C. What is the phenotypic ratio of offspring from this cross? D. A beautiful, unusually bright orange male goldfish would be most valuable if all of his progeny were the same bright orange. What type of cross could be carried out to determine if all of his progeny will be bright orange?
A. Genotype : Oo
phentoype: orange
B.-
C.
D.
Use a Punnett Square to justify your answers to questions E and F.E. What is his genotype if all progeny are bright orange?F. What is his genotype if half of the progeny are white?
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A. What does the Law of Independent Assortment state? B. This law applies under what condition?
A. each pair of alleles segregates independently of any others during gamete formation
B. when genes are located on different chromosomes or genes are very far apart on the same chromosome
What type of experiment lead to the law of independent assortment?
- dihybrid cross
A. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of traits that assort dependently?B. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of traits that assort independently?
A. 3:1
B. 9:3:3:1
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